Physical model tests to determine the mechanism of submarine landslides under the effect of sea waves
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Physical model tests to determine the mechanism of submarine landslides under the effect of sea waves Cong Liu1 · Shucai Li1 · Zongqing Zhou1 · Liping Li1 · Shaoshuai Shi1 · Meixia Wang1 · Chenglu Gao1 Received: 7 June 2018 / Accepted: 24 April 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Submarine landslides are a common type of disaster which threaten property and the safety of human life. To effectively prevent and control such disasters, we conduct a series of large-scale physical model tests to determine the mechanism of submarine landslides. First, a large-scale physical model test system is designed and developed, including flume test frame, wave-making system, wave-absorbing system, and data monitoring system. In the tests, we investigate the effect of different sea waves by changing the parameters of the wave-making system and the influence of the slope inclination by constructing different models. Data regarding the wave pressure acting on the slope surface, seepage pressure, and displacement are monitored during the test procedure. The test results show that the seepage pressure in the faults varies cyclically with the sea waves and is lower at internal points than at outcrops. If the wave loading time is sufficiently long, the seepage pressure and displacement deformation in the fault zone will gradually increase. In other words, failures in fault zones precede submarine landslides. The weak fault zone provides the preferred sliding surface, and the sea waves supply the external dynamic energy for submarine landslides. The conclusions provide guidelines for similar engineering and research. Keywords Submarine landslide · Physical model tests · Stability analysis · Effect of sea waves
1 Introduction Submarine landslides are common geological disasters that occur with instabilities and failure phenomena in the body of subsea rock slopes. These particular hazards are similar to subaerial landslides and can produce enormous damage. Such disasters may cause large * Cong Liu [email protected] * Zongqing Zhou [email protected] 1
Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qianfoshan Campus of Shandong University, No. 17923, Jingshi Road, Jinan City 250061, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Natural Hazards
amounts of released rock mass to be transported hundreds of kilometers along the seabed and produce impulse water waves that may further produce catastrophic landslide tsunamis (Cecioni and Bellotti 2010; Heller and Spinneken 2013; McAdoo and Watts 2004). Submarine landslides can seriously damage fixed platforms, submarine or offshore pipelines, cables, and other subsea facilities, resulting in severe economic losses (Boukpeti et al. 2012; Liu et al. 2015). Generally, these threats are largely due to the almost total absence of premonitory signs of submarine landslides. For this reason, the triggering of submarine landslides is an important research topic that can provide useful information in the framework of landslide
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