Porous hollow carbon nanospheres as a novel sensing platform for sensitive detection of nitrite in pickle directly
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Porous hollow carbon nanospheres as a novel sensing platform for sensitive detection of nitrite in pickle directly Qian Liu1 · Binyan Zhang1 · Shilong Du1 · Lin Li1 · Fuxin Liu1 · Weizhou Fan1 · Xiuhui Liu1 Received: 6 August 2020 / Accepted: 26 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Excessive uptake of nitrite will damage the human health. Hence, there is a rising requirement to construction a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for detecting the level of nitrite in food precisely. In this work, an electrochemical nitrite sensor was successfully constructed with the porous hollow carbon nanoparticles as the electrode material. The morphology and structure of the synthesized material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the electrochemical behavior of nitrite was studied by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry (i − t). As a result, the as-constructed sensor exhibited high electrocatalytic activity, high sensitivity (275.7 µA mM−1 cm−2), wider linear range (0.037–6950 μM), and lower limit of detection (10.41 nM) toward nitrite oxidation. Finally, the sensor was successfully applied to the detection of nitrite in pickle directly, indicating its feasibility for practical applications. The results showed that the porous hollow carbon nanospheres hold great prospect in sensitive detection of nitrite.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-020-01501-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Extended author information available on the last page of the article
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
Graphic abstract
Keywords Porous hollow carbon nanospheres · Nitrite · Electrochemical sensor · Fermented pickle · Scavenging ability
1 Introduction Nitrite is one of the important nitrogen-containing compounds in nature. Because of its remarkable bactericidal or bacteriostatic ability, nitrite is widely used as a food additive [1]. There are two sources of nitrite in the human body: exogenous nitrites come from foods and drinking water in our daily life; endogenous nitrites are produced by the conversion of nitric oxide in the body. However, when the concentration of nitrite exceeds a certain value, it is harmful to the human health. Excessive nitrite can induce methemoglobinemia (MHb) by irreversibly oxidizing hemoglobin to methemoglobin in human body, causing a decrease of oxygen carrying capacity. When high levels of methemoglobin appear in the blood, it can cause symptoms of hypoxia and blueness, even lead to death [2, 3]. In addition, nitrite is an important source of the strong carcinogen N-nitrosamine, and it can be converted into nitrosamines by combining with amines in humans or animals [4]. Therefore, it is necessary to detect nitrite sensitively and selectively. At present, there are many methods to detect nitrite, including spec
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