Porous Materials Process technology and applications
Approximately four million years of human history has passed. We have been using materials to make a variety of tools. The first materials used were naturally occurring materials such as animal bones, stones, wood etc.; and some of these familiar material
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MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY SERIES Series editor: Renee G. Ford
This Materials Technology Series is dedicated to state-of-the-art areas of materials synthesis and processing as related to the applications of the technology. By thorough presentation of the science underlying the technology, it is anticipated that these books will be of practical value both for materials scientists and engineers in industry, and for engineering students, to acquaint them with developments at the forefront of materials technology that have potential commercial significance. Cryochemical Technology of Advanced Materials Yu. D. Tretyakov, N.N. Oleynikov and O.A. Shlyakhtin Hardback (0 412 63980 7), 344 pages
Ceramic Injection Molding B.C. Mutsuddy and R.G. Ford Hardback (0 41253810 5), 384 pages Modelling of Materials Processing An approachable and practical guide G.C. Stangle Hardback (0 412711206), 960 pages
Porous Materials Process technology and applications K.ISHIZAKI Nagaoka University of Technology Japan
S. KOMARNENI The Pennsylvania State University USA
M.NANKO
Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-0-412-71110-7 ISBN 978-1-4615-5811-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-5811-8
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998 Softcoverreprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1998 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
Contents
Preface
ix
1 Introduction 1.1 What are porous materials? 1.2 Classification of porous materials
1 1 5
References
2 Powder compacts and green bodies for porous materials 2.1 Sintering as a process for producing porous materials
11 12
12
2.2 The raw powder 2.2.1 Introduction 2.2.2 Powder production methods 2.2.3 Mixing and blending
12 12 16 19
2.3
21 21 23
Green bodies 2.3.1 Introduction 2.3.2 Compaction 2.3.3 Slip casting 2.3.4 Extrusion and injection molding
30
33
2.4 Pore forming agents 2.4.1 Solid pore forming agents 2.4.2 Liquid pore forming agents
34 34 35
References
36
vi
Contents
3 Sintering mechanisms and advanced sintering methods for porous materials 3.1 Theory of sintering for porous materials 3.2 Conventional sintering processes for producing porous materials 3.2.1 Sintering process at low temperatures or for a short time 3.2.2 Vitrification 3.2.3 Reaction sintering 3.2.4 Foams 3.3
Advanced production methods for porous materials 3.3.1 Pulsed electric current sintering for porous materials 3.3.2 Hydrothermal sintering for making porous materials 3.3.3 Hot isostatic pressing for porous materials
References 4 Sol-gel processing, designing porosity, pore size and polarity, and shaping processes 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Gels from inorganic s
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