Possible involvement of xanthophyll cycle pigments in heat tolerance of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Possible involvement of xanthophyll cycle pigments in heat tolerance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Pramod Kumar1 • Sanjay Yadav1 • Madan Pal Singh1
Received: 14 October 2019 / Revised: 20 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 / Published online: 26 August 2020 Ó Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2020
Abstract Chickpea being a winter season crop often experiences heat stress during reproductive phase. For chickpea production, terminal heat stress is one of the major constraints. Plants have built up numerous mechanisms to combat the heat stress. We considered the photosynthetic pigments for heat tolerance. Therefore, in order to investigate the heat tolerance in relation to photosynthetic pigments, a field trial was carried out having 4 contrasting genotypes namely BG 240 and JG 14 (relatively heat tolerant), SBD 377 (moderately tolerant) and ICC 1882 (relatively heat sensitive). Heat stress was imposed by altering the sowing date i.e. normal (18th November) and late sown (18th December). Under delayed sown condition, heat stress was faced by crop starting from flowering stage to crop maturity. Under heat stress condition, heat tolerant genotypes BG 240 and JG 14 maintained higher level of membrane stability, RWC (%), osmolytes, dry matter partitioning, grain yield, heat tolerance index and had higher values of zeaxanthin, quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm ratio), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), photosynthetic rate, level of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) and lower level of violaxanthin, and lipid peroxidation as compared to heat sensitive one (ICC 1882). In addition to this, Fv/Fm ratio and NPQ exhibited positive relationship with heat tolerance which suggested the involvement of xanthophyll cycle pigments in chickpea heat tolerance.
& Pramod Kumar [email protected] 1
Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
Keywords Chickpea Heat tolerance Photosynthetic pigments Non-photochemical quenching Zeaxanthin
Introduction Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an imperative pulse crop, rich in protein by virtue of N2 fixation. Seeds of chickpea have 23% protein, 64% carbohydrates, 5% fat, 6% crude fiber, 6% soluble sugar, and 3% ash (Williams and Singh 1987). It is extensively grown in the world covering over 50 countries of Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, North America and South America. Globally after common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), chickpea is the second most important food legume crop (Dixit et al. 2019). India contributes a major share to the global chickpea area (70%) and production (67%) and continues to be the biggest chickpea-producing nation. However, being a cool season crop, it is vulnerable to high temperatures (C 35 °C), especially at the reproductive stage (Young et al. 2004; Devasirvatham et al. 2012a, b). In India, due to delay in harvest of previous crops such as sugarcane, rice and maize, late sown chickpea gets exposed to high temperature of the summer, during grain
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