Potential neuroprotective effects of heat-killed Lactococcus lactis KC24 using SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative stress in
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Potential neuroprotective effects of heat-killed Lactococcus lactis KC24 using SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide Sung-Min Lim1 • Na-Kyoung Lee1 • Hyun-Dong Paik1
Received: 25 June 2020 / Revised: 13 August 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 / Published online: 18 November 2020 Ó The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2020
Abstract The present study was an investigation of the neuroprotective effects of probiotic bacteria in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells experiencing oxidative stress. The bacterial strains were: commercial Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; two isolated bacterial strains (Lactobacillus delbrueckii KU200170 and Lactobacillus plantarum KU200661); and probiotic Lactococcus lactis KC24. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of the bacteria, a conditioned medium (CM) was prepared using HT-29 cells cultured with the heat-killed probiotic strains. Of the bacterial strains tested, the oxidatively stressed SH-SY5Y cells were most viable when cultured with L. lactis KC24-CM. L. lactis KC24-CM promoted the expression of brainderived neurotropic factor (BDNF) in the HT-29 cells. It also significantly increased BDNF expression and reduced the apoptosis-related Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the oxidatively stressed SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, L. lactis KC24 is a potential psychobiotic for use in the functional food industry. Keywords Probiotics Lactococcus lactis Gut-brainaxis Neuroprotective effect Conditioned medium
& Hyun-Dong Paik [email protected] Sung-Min Lim [email protected] Na-Kyoung Lee [email protected] 1
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
Introduction Neurobiological investigations into gut–brain crosstalk have revealed two-way communication that ensures gastrointestinal homeostasis, and have multiple effects on the neuronal activities of the brain that are associated with motivation and higher cognitive functions (Mayer, 2011; Foster and Neufeld, 2013). Two-way communication can be explained the autonomic nervous system, the enteric nervous system, the neurodendorcine system, and the immune system. These networks were affected by the gastrointestinal tract. The microbiota of the gut comprises over 5000 bacterial species (Carabotti et al., 2015). The modulatory effect of probiotics on the intestinal microbiota improves the intestinal barrier and mucosal immune response, thereby facilitating the treatment of microbe-related diseases (Holmes et al., 2011). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) originate from both exogenous and endogenous sources, and can damage proteins, lipids, and other molecules. However, ROS are also essential for cellular function, and can be safely metabolized by an antioxidant mechanism (Phaniendra et al., 2015). The oxidative stress induced by ROS can contribute to pathologies including cancer (Valko et al., 2006), cardiovascular disease (Dhalla et al., 2000), diabetes (Giugliano et al., 1996), and aging (Sohal and Weindruch, 1996). The brain is particularly vulnerable to the ef
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