Powder based additive manufacturing for biomedical application of titanium and its alloys: a review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Powder based additive manufacturing for biomedical application of titanium and its alloys: a review Tae‑Sik Jang1 · DongEung Kim2 · Ginam Han3 · Chang‑Bun Yoon4 · Hyun‑Do Jung3 Received: 5 June 2020 / Revised: 9 September 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 © Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engineering 2020
Abstract Powder based additive manufacturing (AM) technology of Ti and its alloys has received great attention in biomedical applications owing to its advantages such as customized fabrication, potential to be cost-, time-, and resource-saving. The performance of additive manufactured implants or scaffolds strongly depends on various kinds of AM technique and the quality of Ti and its alloy powders. This paper has specifically covered the process of commonly used powder-based AM technique and the powder production of Ti and its alloy. The selected techniques include laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M), electron beam powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-EB/M), and directed energy deposition utilized in the production of the biomaterials are discussed as well as the powder fed system of binder jetting. Moreover, titanium based powder production methods such as gas atomization, plasma atomization, and plasma rotating electrode process are also discussed. Keywords Additive manufacturing · Titanium (Ti) and its alloy powder · Biomaterials · 3D printing
1 Introduction Additive manufacturing (AM) is a powerful tool to fabricate complex geometries layer-by-layer with computer-aided design (CAD) [1–5]. In the recent decades, it has received a great attention globally among diverse fields and has the field has developed rapidly with its advantages. It is capable of fabricating complex parts that are not possible through Tae-Sik Janga and DongEung Kim have contributed equally to this work. * Chang‑Bun Yoon [email protected] * Hyun‑Do Jung [email protected] 1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
2
Research Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Biomedical‑Chemical Engineering, Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon‑si 14662, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung‑si 15073, Republic of Korea
other methods, and its potential to be cost-effective, timesaving, and resource-saving has attracted both the academic and industry researchers [6–8]. It is widely used in biomedical applications such as orthopedic implants, dental implants, and cardiovascular systems (Fig. 1) [9–13]. Metallic implants are widely used in load-bearing orthopedic field [14–21]. Some of the commonly used metals include titanium, stainless steels, and cobalt-chromium alloys. Ti6Al4V alloy, also known as Ti64, has been one of the most widely accepted as a reliable material in the biomedical field with its unique combination of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocom
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