Preliminary analyses of cultured Symbiodinium isolated from sand in the oceanic Ogasawara Islands, Japan
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Preliminary analyses of cultured Symbiodinium isolated from sand in the oceanic Ogasawara Islands, Japan James Davis Reimer & Md Mahfuzur Rahman Shah & Frederic Sinniger & Kensuke Yanagi & Shoichiro Suda
Received: 22 December 2009 / Revised: 27 March 2010 / Accepted: 23 April 2010 / Published online: 28 May 2010 # Senckenberg, Gesellschaft für Naturforschung and Springer 2010
Abstract The dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium is generally found in many tropical and subtropical marine invertebrates. Recently, reports have focused on free-living types. We examined free-living Symbiodinium from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, a group of oceanic islands south of Japan. Examining sand samples, seven of eight initial isolates were successfully cultured. Genetic analyses of 18S, 28S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA regions reveal that one isolate cultured with only IMK was identical to clade A isolated from coral reef sand in Okinawa, and four additional isolates cultured with only IMK comprised a new clade A lineage. Additionally, two isolates cultured with IMK and soil extract were closely related to a little-known divergent lineage within clade D. Our results demonstrate some free-living Symbiodinium
types may have very wide distributions, and that utilizing different culturing techniques will further discovery of unique Symbiodinium lineages from environmental samples. Keywords Zooxanthellae . Symbiodinium . Free-living . Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands . Sand
Introduction Zooxanthellae are photosynthetic dinoflagellates found in symbioses with a wide variety of subtropical and tropical marine invertebrates, including reef-building corals (Rowan and Knowlton 1995), zoanthids (Reimer et al. 2006), giant clams and sponges (Carlos et al. 1999). Most zooxanthellae
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12526-010-0044-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. D. Reimer (*) Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Rising Star Program, Trans-disciplinary Organization for Subtropical Island Studies, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan e-mail: [email protected] J. D. Reimer Marine Biodiversity Research Program, Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan M. M. R. Shah Graduate Shool of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
F. Sinniger Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, 117 N. Woodward Avenue, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4320, USA F. Sinniger : S. Suda Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan K. Yanagi Chiba Biodiversity Center, Aoba-cho 955-2, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba 260-0852, Japan K. Yanagi Natural History Museum and Institute Chiba, Aoba-cho 955-2, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba 26
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