Production and characterization of two fractions of pyrolysis liquid from agricultural and wood residues

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Production and characterization of two fractions of pyrolysis liquid from agricultural and wood residues Étienne Le Roux 1,2,3

&

Simon Barnabé 1 & Stéphane Godbout 2 & Ingrid Zamboni 3 & Joahnn Palacios 2

Received: 21 April 2020 / Revised: 9 September 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Liquids obtained by fractional condensation of pyrolysis vapors from two types of lignocellulosic biomass, namely Jerusalem artichoke stalk (high cellulose and ash contents) and white birch bark (high lignin and extractive contents), were compared. Using two condensers connected in series, a dark oily fraction rich in phenolic compounds and sugar derivatives was obtained at 90 °C (respectively, 14% of total polyphenols and 11% of total carbohydrates for the oily fraction from the agricultural stalk) followed by aqueous fraction at 0 °C. Stalk yielded a homogeneous oily fraction whereas the bark oily liquid was heterogeneous, due possibly to lignin pyrolysis products. Both yielded clear orange aqueous fractions having a chemical composition close to wood vinegar, > 60% water, and high concentrations of acetic acid, with also a significant content of polyphenols, around 5%. This study showed that fractional condensation could be a vital tool in pyrolysis-based biorefinery producing an oily (application as an energy source or as a chemical feedstock) and an aqueous fraction (applications as biocide or biostimulation in agriculture) by pyrolysis of vastly different lignocellulosic biomasses. Keywords Pyrolysis liquid . Auger reactor . Condensation system . Lignocellulosic biomass

1 Introduction The future depletion of fossil resources urges the needs of finding an ecofriendly alternative to petroleum derivatives whether for energetic or chemistry purposes. One possibility is to convert lignocellulosic biomass. A promising technology for achieving this is fast pyrolysis, a thermochemical process

* Simon Barnabé [email protected] Stéphane Godbout [email protected] Ingrid Zamboni [email protected] Joahnn Palacios [email protected] 1

Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada

2

Institut de Recherche et de Développement en Agroenvironnement (IRDA), 2700 Rue Einstein, Québec, QC G1P 3W8, Canada

3

Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec (CRIQ), 333 Rue Franquet, Québec, QV G1C 4C7, Canada

carried out in an inert atmosphere and yielding a solid residue called biochar, a vapor phase, and aerosols [1]. Rapid condensation of pyrolysis vapors and aerosols produces a liquid often referred as bio-oil. The non-condensable gas portion consists mostly of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The composition of bio-oil is complex. Hundreds of compounds have been identified [2]. Recently, Pinheiro Pires et al. described the six major chemical families of pyrolysis liquid: water (15– 30 wt%), light oxygenates (8–26 wt%), monophenols (2–7 wt%), water-insoluble olig