Profiling of selenium and other trace elements in breads from rice and maize cultivated in a seleniferous area of Punjab
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Profiling of selenium and other trace elements in breads from rice and maize cultivated in a seleniferous area of Punjab (India) Anatoly A. Kirichuk1 • Margarita G. Skalnaya1,2,3 • Alexey A. Tinkov2,3,4 • Olga P. Ajsuvakova2,3,4 • N. Tejo Prakash5 • Sumit K. Jaiswal6 • Ranjana Prakash5 Andrei R. Grabeklis1,2 • Feng Zhang7 • Xiong Guo7 • Anatoly V. Skalny1,2,3
•
Revised: 21 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 May 2020 Ó Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2020
Abstract The objective of the study was to assess selenium and other elements levels in Indian Roti bread from Se-rich maize and rice using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Se levels in Roti bread from Se-rich maize and rice exceeded those in the control samples by a factor of more than 594 and 156, respectively. Using Seenriched maize increased bread Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, and Zn content, whereas Fe and I levels were reduced. In Se-rich rice-based bread a decrease in Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Mo, and Zn contents was observed. Daily consumption of Se-rich maize and rice bread (100 g) could account for 5.665% and 4.309% from recommended dietary allowance, also exceeding the upper tolerable levels by a factor of 7.8 and 5.9, respectively. Therefore, Roti bread from both Se-rich maize and rice may be considered as an additional source of selenium. At the same time, regular intake of Se-rich grains and its products including breads may cause adverse & Alexey A. Tinkov [email protected] 1
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moskva, Russia
2
IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moskva, Russia 119146
3
Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia 150000
4
Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia 460000
5
Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
6
Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003, India
7
School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi0 an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, People’s Republic of China
health effects even after a few days and should be regularly monitored in order to prevent Se overload and toxicity. Keywords Selenium Manganese Zinc Iron Recommended daily allowance
Introduction Selenium is an essential micronutrient involved in a variety of physiological functions including regulation of redox homeostasis and endocrine function. Therefore, alterations in Se status are associated with adverse health effects (Table 1). Particularly, selenium deficiency that is known to affect up to 1 billion people worldwide is associated with endemic Kashin–Beck and Keshan diseases, as well as increased risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, immune dysfunction, and thyroid pathology (Rayman 2019). In areas with nearly optimal Se levels, Se status is also inversely associated with mortality, being positively correlated with life span (Skalny et al. 2016). At the same time, selenium overexposure that could be linked to increased Se intake, especially in seleniferous areas,
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