Protein adsorption, cell viability and corrosion properties of Ti6Al4V alloy treated by plasma oxidation and anodic oxid
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Protein adsorption, cell viability and corrosion properties of Ti6Al4V alloy treated by plasma oxidation and anodic oxidation Özgü Bayrak 1), Hojjat Ghahramanzadeh Asl 2), and Ayşe Ak 3) 1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey 2) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey 3) Vocational School of Health Services, Medical Imaging Techniques Programme, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey (Received: 23 November 2019; revised: 14 February 2020; accepted: 16 February 2020)
Abstract: The hardness, wettability, and electrochemical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy surfaces treated with anodic oxidation and plasma oxidation as well as the viabilities of the different cell lines on the obtained surfaces were investigated. The anodic oxidation was performed for 10 min under 100 V potential, and it resulted in a 0.95 μm thick nanoporous anatase-TiO2 structure. On the other hand, plasma oxidation was carried out at 650°C for 1 h and resulted in a dense rutile-TiO2 structure with a thickness of 1.2 μm. While a hardness of HV0.025 823 and roughness of ~220 nm were obtained by plasma oxidation, those obtained by anodic oxidation were HV0.025 512 and ~130 nm, respectively. The anodic oxidation process created a more hydrophilic surface with a contact angle of 87.2°. Both oxidation processes produced similar properties in terms of corrosion behavior and showed better resistance than the as-received state in a certain range of potential. Moreover, the surface treatments led to no significant change in the protein adsorption levels, which indicates that the difference in viability between the osteoblast and fibroblast cells was not due to the difference in surface protein adsorption. Given all the factors, the surfaces obtained by anodic oxidation treatment revealed higher cell viability than those obtained by plasma oxidation (p = 0.05). Keywords: Ti6Al4V; oxidation; corrosion; cell viability; protein adsorption
1. Introduction Orthopedic implants are used for long bone fracture fixations, spinal fracture and deformity corrections and stabilizations, arthritic joint replacements, and maxillofacial applications. While these implants provide mechanical stability, they have to be biologically compatible with the implantation sites [1]. Various surface treatment techniques have been proposed to improve the biocompatibility, as well as the mechanical and electrochemical properties, of implant materials. These surface treatments can be performed for most of the metals used for implant manufacturing, such as titanium and its alloys. Titanium and its alloys have a certain degree of biocompatibility due to the natural passive oxide layer on their surfaces [2–3]. Although titanium alloys have high biocompatibility, alloying elements such as vanadium and aluminum can dissolve after implantation and are then released into the tissue, causing poor osseointegration. Whi
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