Screening and Quantification of 65 Organic Pollutants in Drinking Water by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction-Gas Chromatograp
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Screening and Quantification of 65 Organic Pollutants in Drinking Water by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry F. J. Camino-Sánchez & A. Zafra-Gómez & J. Ruiz-García & J. L. Vílchez Received: 1 June 2012 / Accepted: 16 August 2012 / Published online: 5 September 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract A muti-class method for the analysis of semi-volatile organic pollutants in drinking water in compliance with the European legislation regarding the quality of the waters destined to human consumption and bottled water has been validated. The proposed method analyses and quantifies simultaneously all semi-volatile organic compounds, as all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorinated pesticides included in the European Directive 98/83/EC, diverse organic contaminants listed by the US-EPA, polychlorinated biphenyls and diverse organophosphorous and organonitrogenated pesticides. The method has been validated according to ISO/IEC 17025:2005 requirements, following IUPAC and ISO guidelines for the evaluation of the trueness, precision, linearity, specificity, range and uncertainty. The accuracy of the method was tested participating in a proficiency testing scheme for each group of analytes. The method meets all quality requirements established by the directive; the mean recovery ranged between 85 % and 115 %, and the precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was between 3 % and 23 %. Due to the high sensitivity obtained with the combination of SBSE and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, a screening method has been proposed that allows the analysis of up to five samples simultaneously, which in combination with the simultaneous
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12161-012-9495-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. F. J. Camino-Sánchez : J. Ruiz-García Research Department, Certio Environment S.L. TM, 18220 Granada, Spain A. Zafra-Gómez (*) : J. L. Vílchez Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Campus of Fuentenueva, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain e-mail: [email protected]
analysis of diverse families of analytes, enhances the productivity of the methodology and reduces the costs. Keywords Stir bar sorptive extraction . GC-MS/MS . Organic pollutants . Drinking water quality . Directive 98/83/EC
Introduction Fresh water is the main source to obtain drinkable water. The quality of any water is a function of natural and human influences (United Nations Environmental Programme Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS)/Water Programme 2008). The World Health Organization (WHO) established that the quality of drinking water is a powerful environmental determinant of health. Assurance of safety is a foundation for the prevention and control of water-borne diseases. Nearly all water contains contaminants, even in the absence of nearby pollution-causing activities. When pollutant and contamina
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