Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in non-alcoholic beer by mechanical stir bar sorptive extraction-gas c
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in nonalcoholic beer by mechanical stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography Afsaneh Mollahosseini1
•
Mona Alamshahi1 • Mohammad Rastegari2
Revised: 27 March 2020 / Accepted: 2 April 2020 Ó Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2020
Abstract A polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating was electrospun on the shaft of the mechanical stir bar sorptive extraction (MSBSE) setup. MSBSE equipped with the PAN/PDMS coating and coupled with gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (MSBSE-PAN/PDMS-GC/FID) was used to determine some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in nonalcoholic beer samples. The effective parameters including extraction time, desorption time, stirring speed and sample volume were optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design
(CCD). The optimum condition was obtained in 60 min of extraction time, 10 min of desorption time, 1300 rpm of stirring speed and 16 mL of sample volume. The calibration curves of PAHs were linear in the range 5–1000 ng mL-1. The limit of detections (LODs) was in the range of 0.009–0.5 ng mL-1 and the limit of qualifications (LOQs) was varied between 0.03 and 1.5 ng mL-1. The relative recoveries and enrichment factors were in the range of 94–98% and 117–126, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 11.4%.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04411-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Afsaneh Mollahosseini [email protected] 1
Research Laboratory of Spectroscopy and Micro and Nano Extraction, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846/11367, Tehran, Iran
2
Environmental Research Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
123
J Food Sci Technol
Graphic abstract
Keywords Stir bar sorptive extraction Electrospinning Coating Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Nonalcoholic beer
Introduction Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds that adversely affect human beings, and they have raised many concerns over recent years (Mohamadi et al. 2019; Saberi et al. 2018; Varjani et al. 2018). PAHs can be found in various types of foodstuffs such as beers (Singh et al. 2016). Alcohol is outlawed in some regions such as Middle Eastern countries, so non-alcoholic beers are very popular in these countries. Thus, the extraction and determination of PAHs in that kind of drink are important. There are various techniques to extract PAHs from drinks such as liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) (Silva et al. 2011), solid-phase extraction (SPE) (London˜o et al. 2015), soxhlet extraction (Fiedler et al. 2002), solid-phase microextraction (SPME) (Robles-Molina et al. 2011), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) (Zuin et al. 2005). SBSE was introduced in 1999 for the extraction of volatile
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