Sepsis

Sepsis is a multi-factorial disease process and this volume provides comprehensive and in-depth reviews of both the basic science and more practical aspects of patient management.  These include detailed information on the epidemiology and genetics o

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Series Editors John Knighton, MBBS, MRCP, FRCA Consultant Intensive Care Medicine & Anaesthesia Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust Portsmouth UK

Paul Sadler, MBChB, FRCA Consultant Critical Care Medicine & Anaesthesia Queen Alexandra Hospital Portsmouth UK

Founding Editor John S.P. Lumley Emeritus Professor of Vascular Surgery University of London London UK and Honorary Consultant Surgeon Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust (GOSH) London UK Other titles in this series Renal Failure and Replacement Therapies edited by Sara Blakeley

Simon V. Baudouin (Ed.)

Sepsis

Simon V. Baudouin, MBBS, MD, FRCP, European Diploma in ITU Royal Victoria Infirmary and the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Sepsis. – (Competency based critical care) 1. Septicemia I. Baudouin, Simon 616.9′44 ISBN-13: 9781846289385 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007927933 ISSN: 1864-9998 ISBN-13: 978-1-84628-938-5

e-ISBN-13: 978-1-84628-939-4

© Springer-Verlag London Limited 2008 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Springer Science+Business Media springer.com

Contents

Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Chapter 1

Sepsis: Introduction and Epidemiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simon V. Baudouin

1

Chapter 2

Mechanisms of Innate Immunity in Sepsis . . . . . . . . . . . Stuart F.W. Kendrick and David E.J. Jones

5

Chapter 3

Metabolic and Endocrine Changes in Sepsis and the Catabolic State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steven G. Ball

11

Hematological and Coagulation Changes in Sepsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tina T. Biss and J. Wallace-Jonathan

17

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

The Genetics of Sepsis and Inflammation . . . . . . . . . . . . Martin F. Clark

Chapter 6

Cardiac, Circulatory, and Microvascular Changes in Sepsis and Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome . . . . . . . Chris Snowden and Joseph Cosgrove

32

Spe