Shifts in the gut microbiota of mice in response to dexamethasone administration
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Shifts in the gut microbiota of mice in response to dexamethasone administration Haichao Zhao 1 & Xueyuan Jiang 2 & Weihua Chu 1 Received: 13 November 2019 / Revised: 14 February 2020 / Accepted: 13 April 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) are an important anti-inflammatory drug, used widely, regardless of its side effects. GCs can affect intestinal flora directly or indirectly, though few studies have focused on the changes of gut microbiota composition. In this study, ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups, gavage administration with saline, and different doses of dexamethasone (DEX): 0.1 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg. Five days later, the microbial diversity of the colon contents was analyzed. A significant loss in weight was observed in the DEX1.0 group as compared with the control group (P = 0.011). The gut microbiota richness (ACE, P = 0.01; Chao, P = 0.013) and diversity (Shannon, P = 0.035; Simpson, P = 0.032) were decreased in DEX group. The proportions of genus Butyricicoccus, Oscillibacter, Anaerotruncus, Ruminiclostridium, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae were the most abundant and predominant followed by Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, and Enterorhabdus. Dex administration led to changes in the liver/body ratio and spleen/body ratio. The results obtained from our study indicate that DEX can decrease the level of WBC and change the structure of the gut microbiota composition; moreover, the results of this study provide new insight into alleviating the clinical side effects of GC therapy. Keywords Dexamethasone . Gut microbiota . Mice . Miseq
Introduction There are a large number of bacteria, archaea, and viruses within the mammal body, which live peacefully with their host and referred to as the microbiota (Sekirov et al. 2010). Increasing evidence indicates that the host and gut microbiota have interactions, and the gut microbiota has multiple functions including its relation to metabolism, immunity, and psychiatric diseases (Li et al. 2016; Chen et al. 2019) as well as playing an important role in host health (Neish 2009). The gut microbiota is regarded as a big “organ” in the host (Morris and Ridlon 2017). The composition of gut microbiota is stable generally but can be modified by a variety of factors, such Haichao Zhao and Xueyuan Jiang contributed equally to this work. * Weihua Chu [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
2
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
as stress, hormonal differences, and the use of antibiotics (Konstantinov et al. 2006; Moeser et al. 2007; De La Cochetière et al. 2008). A plethora of stress factors has an influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the overproduction of stress hormone cortisol, which may alter microbiota composition partially (Tsilimigras et al. 2018; Amini-Khoei et al. 2019). Irritabl
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