Signalling mechanism of phototropin-mediated chloroplast movement in Arabidopsis
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Signalling mechanism of phototropin-mediated chloroplast movement in Arabidopsis Noriyuki Suetsugu1
•
Masamitsu Wada2
Received: 30 July 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 Ó Society for Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2020
Abstract To efficiently use light for photosynthesis, chloroplasts move to the appropriate location according to ambient light conditions. Chloroplasts relocate towards dimly lit cell parts to maximise light capture (the accumulation response), whereas they escape from the strong light to minimise photodamage (the avoidance response). In most plant species, blue light is the most effective to induce chloroplast movements. Since the first report of light-induced chloroplast movement in 1856, many researchers have tried to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying chloroplast movement including the photoreceptor system, the signal transduction and the motility system. However, the molecular mechanism remained unknown until a molecular genetic analysis using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant has been applied in the analysis of chloroplast movement. In this article, we review physiological and molecular analyses that have studied signal transduction of light-induced chloroplast movement. Keywords Arabidopsis Blue light Fern Liverwort Phototropin Abbreviations CHUP1 CHLOROPLAST UNUSUAL POSITIONING 1 cp-actin Chloroplast-actin filaments filaments ER Endoplasmic reticulum JAC1 J-DOMAIN PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR CHLOROPLAST ACCUMULATION RESPONSE 1 KAC KINESIN-LIKE PROTEIN FOR ACTINBASED CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENT NCH1 NRL PROTEIN FOR CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENT 1 NCL1 NCH1-LIKE 1 NPH3 NONPHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 NRL NPH3/RPT2-LIKE & Noriyuki Suetsugu [email protected] & Masamitsu Wada [email protected] 1
Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
2
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
phot PM PMI1 PMI2 RCN1 RPT2 WEB1
Phototropin Plasma membrane PLASTID MOVEMENT IMPAIRED 1 PLASTID MOVEMENT IMPAIRED 2 ROOTS CURL IN NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID 1 ROOT PHOTOTROPISM 2 WEAK CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENT UNDER BLUE LIGHT 1
Introduction To adapt to fluctuating ambient light conditions, plants evolved several light-induced responses including seedling photomorphogenesis, photomovement responses and gene expression. Plants have photoreceptor molecules that mediate these physiological responses, such as the UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (Jenkins 2014), the red/far-red light receptor phytochrome (Xu et al. 2015) and blue-light receptors, including cryptochrome (Liu et al. 2016), phototropin (phot) (Christie 2007), and ZEITLUPE family (Zoltowski and Imaizumi 2014). Most plant photoreceptors function in the nucleus and regulate gene expression by modulating the activity and stability of
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J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol.
transcription factors (Jenkins 2014; Zoltowski and Imaizumi 2014; Xu et al. 2015; Liu et al. 2016). Phototropins localise primarily on the plas
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