Chloroplast Research in Arabidopsis Methods and Protocols, Volume I
Chloroplasts are essential for the survival and flourishing of life on Earth. Over the years, chloroplast biology has been studied in a variety of different organisms, leading to the significant disadvantage that findings which were made by using differen
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IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY™
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
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Chloroplast Research in Arabidopsis Methods and Protocols, Volume I
Edited by
R. Paul Jarvis Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Editor R. Paul Jarvis, PhD Department of Biology University of Leicester University Road Leicester, LE1 7RH United Kingdom [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-61779-233-5 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-234-2 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-234-2 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011932678 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface Chloroplasts are green plastids found in land plants, algae, and some protists. They are the unique site for the reactions of photosynthesis in such cells, and thus chloroplasts are responsible for much of the world’s primary productivity. As photosynthesis is the only significant mechanism of energy-input into living cells, these organelles are essential for the survival of plants and animals alike. Consequently, agriculture is wholly dependent upon the photosynthesis that takes place in chloroplasts. Moreover, many other important cellular activities occur uniquely inside chloroplasts or in other non-photosynthetic types of plastid. These activities include the production of starch, amino acids, fatty acids, lipids, terpenoids, purine and pyrimidine bases, and colourful pigments in fruits, flowers, and leaves, as well as key aspects of nitrogen and sulphur metabolism. Many products of these biosynthetic processes are vital components of mammalian diets or offer opportunities for industrial exploitation. Advances in our understanding of plastid biogenesis will facilitate the manipulation and exploitation of these processes and aid improvements in the quantity or quality of the various products. Over the years, chloroplast biology has been studied in a variety of different organisms, based on technical considerations. Such work has undoubtedly led to major advances in the field, but has had the significant disadvantage that findings
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