Soil Allelotoxicity and Methods to Reduce Its Adverse Influence at the Initial Stage of Plant Development
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CULTURAL CHEMISTRY AND SOIL FERTILITY
Soil Allelotoxicity and Methods to Reduce Its Adverse Influence at the Initial Stage of Plant Development G. N. Fedotova, *, S. A. Shobaa, and I. V. Gorepekina aLomonosov
Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia *е-mail: [email protected]
Received October 16, 2019; revised February 4, 2020; accepted February 27, 2020
Abstract—The application of sorption preparations (SP) based on bentonite-humate mixtures for seed stimulating treatment upon sowing into the soddy-podzolic soil (Albic Retisols (Loamic, Aric, Cutanic, Ochric)) was studied. The correlation between seeds’ inhibition by soil and the efficiency of SP application was found. The SP treatment was not always efficient for spring wheat cultivars. For some of the cultivars, it caused inhibition of seed germination and seedlings development. The intake of essential biologically active substances (BAS) from soils to seeds was limited in these cases because of the firm fixation of these substances in SP. The brewer’s yeast autolysate (BYA) introduced to the SP mixture made it possible to fill the active centers of sorbents and to avoid the fixation of BAS from soil. The obtained preparation eliminated inhibition of seed development at the initial stage upon SP application. The efficiency of previously known individual stimulating substances sharply increased upon their combined application with SP and BYA mixture. Keywords: allelopathy, soil toxicosis, sorbents, bentonites, clay-humus complexes, brewer’s yeast autolysate, stimulants of seeds, respiratory metabolism substrates, post-harvest ripening DOI: 10.1134/S1064229320080062
INTRODUCTION It is uncontroversial that soils would have great influence on the initial stage of plant development, because seeds interact actively with the soil, excreting substances into it [14], which serve as food for soil microorganisms and cause their explosive development in soil loci adjacent to seeds [16]. Additionally, seeds intake from the soil the biologically active substances (BAS) produced by microorganisms or fixed in soil: vitamins, antibiotics, plant hormones, etc. [7]. However, interaction between seeds and soil was not taken into account [2] in the search for stimulating effects and stimulants of seed germination, which could increase their sowing qualities [1, 4, 6, 14, 21, 28], and only response of seeds to applied effects was studied. The experiments were often conducted with germinating seeds treated by some way on inert substrates: filtering paper or sand. In the case of enhancing seed development under these conditions, it was considered that the preparation or the action was efficient and could be used in agriculture. As a consequence of such approach, it was not taken into account that the influence of stimulants on the initial stage of plant development was realized under the conditions of parallel processes of transfer from soil into seeds vitamins, phytohormones, cofactors, other necessary for seeds BAS, as well as allelotoxins inhibited seed germination
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