Plant Germline Development Methods and Protocols
This detailed volume explores common and numerous specialized methods to study various aspects of plant germline development and targeted manipulation, including imaging and hybridization techniques to study cell-type specification, cell lineage, signalin
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Anja Schmidt Editor
Plant Germline Development Methods and Protocols
METHODS
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Plant Germline Development Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Anja Schmidt Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
Editor Anja Schmidt Centre for Organismal Studies University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-7285-2 ISBN 978-1-4939-7286-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-7286-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017950215 © Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover Illustration Caption: Female gametophytes and a male gametophyte. Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer ScienceþBusiness Media LLC The registered company address is: 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, U.S.A.
Preface The plant reproductive lineage or germline is one of the two heteromorphic generations constituting the life cycle of higher plants. The plant male and female germline lineages have long been recognized as powerful model systems to study developmental processes and cell type specification. This is due to their simple organization of a few highly specialized cell types at maturity that are forming from single sporophytic cells through only a few divisions and subsequent cellularization. The mature female gametophyte typically consists of the two female gametes (egg and central cell), the synergids important for pollen tube reception, and the accessory antipodal cells. The mature male gametophyte harbors the male gametes, the sperm cell
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