Spheroidization by Plasma Processing and Characterization of Stainless Steel Powder for 3D Printing
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UCTION
3D printing (3DP) is based on the stacking of materials layer by layer in 3 dimensions and can therefore save the raw materials as well as shorten the production time, making it environmentally friendly compared to traditional manufacturing techniques.[1] It is regarded as one of the key players in the 3rd industrial revolution and has attracted considerable attention from governments and researchers all over the world.[2–4] 3DP can produce highly complex and customized parts without delicate tooling. The widespread LINA JI, WENJIE WU, GUOYU WANG, and XUAN-MING DUAN are with the Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China, and also with the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Technology and Systems, Chongqing 400714, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] CHANGZHEN WANG is with the Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and also with the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China. CHAO TAN is with the Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and also with the College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China. Manuscript submitted on March 29, 2016.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
application of 3DP is, however, currently hampered by several challenges, one of which is the constraint on the properties of the powder used in the printing process.[5–7] Controlling the performance of the powder is thus critical to the process efficiency as well as the final product’s quality.[8–10] A high printing precision and larger final product density are usually achieved with powders made of particles of a small size and a high degree of sphericity. In addition, good flow property of the powder material is another important factor when using the powder bed method. Given the complex relationship between the powder characteristics and 3DP processing parameters, 3DP equipment manufacturers spend a lot of time and effort optimizing processing parameters for a specific powder. In this context, it is essential to characterize and optimize the powder material properties[6] following the standard guide ASTM F 3049.[11] Gas atomization and plasma rotating electrode process are often used to prepare powder materials with good sphericity and flow property for 3DP.[12–14] However, the obtained powder particles exhibit a large size and wide size distribution. Plasma processing could overcome this issue by using the high-temperature plasma to melt the powder particles, which then turn into little drops under the action of their surface tension and can then be collected under the effect of gravity in a
canister filled with dispersion gas.[15,16] Spherical metal (Mo, W, Ti, etc.)[17,18] and ceramic[19] powder with small particle sizes are obtained with this method. Products made of SS 316L are widely used in industry and everyday life, and 3D printed SS 316L pieces will there
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