Status of humoral and cellular immune markers in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) asymptomatic carriers i
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Status of humoral and cellular immune markers in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) asymptomatic carriers in northeastern Iran, Mashhad Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam 1 & Farzad Mollahosseini 2 & Mohammad Javad Namazi 3 & Arman Mosavat 1 & Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee 4 & Maryam Mahdifar 4 & Hamid Reza Bidkhori 1 & Narges Valizadeh 4 & Houshang Rafatpanah 4 Received: 26 January 2020 / Revised: 26 January 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Journal of NeuroVirology, Inc. 2020
Abstract It is estimated that about 10–20 million peoples are infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) around the world and suffered from HTLV-related diseases. The present study was aimed to evaluate the cellular immunity, T-cell activation, humoral immunity, and inflammatory response hallmarks which affect HTLV-1-associated disease progression. A total of 78 participants were included in the study, comprising 39 HTLV-1 asymptomatic careers (ACs) and 39 healthy controls. The HTLV-proviral load (PVL) was determined via real-time PCR technique, and anti-HTLV antibody, sIL2R, sCD30, Neoptrin, hs-CRP, IgE, anti-VCA, anti-EBNA, and anti-EA were assessed by ELISA method. Mean PVL in ACs was 352.7 ± 418.7 copies/104 PBMCs. A significant higher level of sIL-2R was observed in ACs (P < 0.0001). Anti-VCA antibody titer in ACs and healthy controls was 80.72 ± 105.95 and 156.05 ± 130.71, respectively (P = 0.007). Intriguingly, suppression in ACs immune response was not observed. Resultantly, HTLV-1 infection has no effect on the humoral immune response in ACs but greater Tcell activation and function cellular responses were detected. Finally, more studies on various immune markers in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients are greatly needed to illuminate the association of ACs’ immune status with the development of the related diseases. Keywords Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) . HTLV-1 asymptomatic careers (ACs) . Immune markers . Northeastern Iran . Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)
* Houshang Rafatpanah [email protected] Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam [email protected]
Narges Valizadeh [email protected] 1
Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Mashhad, Iran
2
Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine and Razavi Khorasan Blood Transfusion Center, Mashhad, Iran
3
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
4
Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi-Square, Medical Campus, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
Farzad Mollahosseini [email protected] Mohammad Javad Namazi [email protected] Arman Mosavat [email protected] Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee [email protected] Maryam Mahdifar [email protected]
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