Steam Conversion of Propane in a Membrane Reactor with a Commercial Nickel Catalyst
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Steam Conversion of Propane in a Membrane Reactor with a Commercial Nickel Catalyst L. P. Didenkoa,*, V. N. Babaka, L. A. Sementsovaa, P. E. Chizhova, and T. V. Dorofeevaa a Institute
of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received July 13, 2020; revised August 12, 2020; accepted September 18, 2020
Abstract—The propane conversion in a membrane reactor with NIAP–03-01 commercial Ni catalyst at temperatures of 673, 723, 773, and 823 K, feed space velocities of 1800 and 3600 h–1, and steam/propane ratios of 5 and 7 was studied. The Н2 removal through the membrane leads to an increase in the conversion of the feed to Н2 and СО2 formed by the water-gas shift reaction. The conversion in this reaction increases when the rate of the Н2 recovery through the membrane is increased by the permeate evacuation. In the temperature interval 773–823 K, the feed conversion is 100%, and about 90% of high-purity Н2 is recovered from the reaction mixture. An increase in the feed/catalyst contact time leads to a decrease in the feed conversion to the target products and to an increase in the rate of carbon deposit formation. The regularities of the steam conversion of propane in a membrane reactor are similar to those found previously for n-butane with the same catalyst and under the same conditions. Keywords: steam conversion, propane, membrane reactor, Pd–Ru foil, high-purity hydrogen
DOI: 10.1134/S0965544121010114 room temperature and moderate pressure (less than 1.5 MPa), the hydrogen content is higher, as follows from the amounts of H2 (kg) per cubic meter of the hydrocarbon): 88.66 for СН4 (1.19 MPa, 152.65 K), 91.53 for С3Н8 (0.86 MPa, 293.15 K), and 100.4 for С4Н10 (0.21 MPa, 293.15 K) [2]. On the other hand, as compared to heavier hydrocarbon feedstock such as naphtha or diesel fuel, LPG is environmentally cleaner and has higher gravimetric hydrogen content; in the liquid state, it can be easily stored and transported. On the whole, LPG is a promising feedstock for producing Н2, and studying its steam conversion is topical. For deeper understanding of this process, it is necessary to study the steam conversion of separate LPG components: propane and n-butane. In [3], we studied the steam conversion of n-butane. This study deals with the steam conversion of propane under the same conditions. The process is based on the steam conversion of propane [reaction (1)], accompanied by the water-gas shift and methanation reactions whose yield is restricted by the thermodynamic equilibrium [reactions (2)–(4), respectively]:
Hydrogen is the most promising, available, and environmentally friendly power carrier obtained from natural resources. It ensures 2–3 times higher energy release per unit weight than gasoline and other kinds of fuel (biodiesel, methanol, ethanol, natural and liquefied petroleum gas) do [1], but its wide use as a fuel is restricted by high cost of production in large amounts, problems with storage on board of a vehicle, etc. An important field
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