Structural, Optical, and Electrical Studies of Sonochemically Synthesized CuS Nanoparticles
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EMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES, LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS, AND QUANTUM PHENOMENA
Structural, Optical, and Electrical Studies of Sonochemically Synthesized CuS Nanoparticles N. Singha and M. Taunka,* a
Department of Physics, Indus International University Una, Himachal Pradesh, 174303 India *e-mail: [email protected] Received April 10, 2020; revised April 10, 2020; accepted May 15, 2020
Abstract—In this study, we reported facile sonochemical synthesis of CuS nanoparticles by using CuCl2 and Na2S in aqueous medium without using any organic solvent and surfactant. Structural characterization of synthesized product using X-ray diffraction study revealed the formation of hexagonal structure of CuS in covellite phase. Crystallite size of ~13 and ~11 nm were determined using Debye–Scherrer and Williamson– Hall methods, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs revealed the particulate morphology of CuS nanostructures. The optical properties of CuS nanoparticles were investigated by ultra violet and visible (UV-Vis), photoluminescence (PL), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The band gap was calculated by Tauc’s relation and found to be 3 eV. The PL spectrum showed a strong green emission at wavelength 505 nm. The electrical conductivity of CuS nanoparticles was found to be in semiconducting range, i.e. 550 S/cm. Impedance analysis of CuS nanoparticles revealed 7.55 MHz as the resonant frequency. Keywords: CuS nanoparticles, sonochemical synthesis, impedance spectroscopy, band gap, electrical conductivity DOI: 10.1134/S1063782620090262
1. INTRODUCTION Copper sulfide nanomaterials have attracted a great attention of the researchers across the globe not only due to their peculiar electrical, optical, biomedical, and catalytic properties such as photovoltaic [1], photo catalytic [2], thermoelectric [3], super capacitance [4], and antimicrobial [5] but also due to their emerging and advanced versatile range of technological applications in solar energy conversion [6], sensing [7], Li-ion batteries (LIBs) [8], light emitting diodes (LED) [9], photo degradation of organic pollutants [10], superconductor at low temperature [11], cancer therapeutic applications [12], photo thermal therapy [13], drug delivery [14], and DNA detection [15]. At room temperature, the copper sulfides (CuxS, x = 1–2) are known to exist in five stable phases with stoichiometric composition varying from the copperrich chalcocite (Cu2S) [16], djurleite (Cu1.96S) [17], digenite (Cu1.85S) [17], anilite (Cu1.75S) [18] to copperpoor covellite (CuS) [17]. Depending on the packing of sulfur in the lattice, three types of crystal structure were reported—namely, hexagonal close packing (djurleite and chalcocite), cubic close packing (digenite and anilite), and combination of hexagonal close packing and covalent bonding of sulfur atoms (covellite) [19].
Copper monosulfide (CuS) semiconducting nanocrystals show diverse and interesting morphologies like hierarchical structures with microspheres constituted through self-assembly of num
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