Submarine Power Cables Design, Installation, Repair, Environmental A
The demand for high-performance submarine power cables is increasing as more and more offshore wind parks are installed, and the national electric grids are interconnected. Submarine power cables are installed for the highest voltages and power to transpo
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Thomas Worzyk
Submarine Power Cables Design, Installation, Repair, Environmental Aspects
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Thomas Worzyk 370 30 Rödeby/Sweden [email protected] Office: ABB AB High Voltage Cables 371 23 Karlskrona/Sweden [email protected]
ISSN 1612-1287 e-ISSN 1860-4676 ISBN 978-3-642-01269-3 e-ISBN 978-3-642-01270-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-01270-9 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009927023 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Submarine power cables have always been the unknown cousins of the submarine telecom cables. Telecom cables encircle the globe through all oceans in an enormous mesh, and have attracted public attention since the first Channel cable was laid in 1850. While the heroes of the first Atlantic telecom cable have been sung in numerous books, the feats of submarine power cable technology were rarely respected outside a small community. However, submarine power cables have their own characteristics and peculiarities. Cable design has developed during the decades. The evolution of manufacturing and installation technology allows for projects that, 20 years ago, were considered impossible. New performance records in system length, water depth, transmission power, or profits from the operation of submarine power cables are set every few years. Owing to this development, more submarine power cable projects are economically viable, or even possible. New applications for submarine power cables appear while known applications are pursued on a larger scale. Submarine power cables draw the attention of larger circles. Ten years ago only power utility engineers and cable ship crews were interested in submarine power cables. Possibly some fishermen uttered unprintable comments on them when they had entangled their fishing gear. Today, in the wake of new applications, submarine power cables have come into the focus of larger groups. The engineers of oil-andgas companies have been interested a while, and increasing offshore activities, as
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