Successful adsorption of bright blue and methylene blue on modified pods of Caesalpinia echinata in discontinuous system
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Successful adsorption of bright blue and methylene blue on modified pods of Caesalpinia echinata in discontinuous system Jordana Georgin 1 & Yamil L. de O. Salomón 2 & Dison S. P. Franco 3 & Matias S. Netto 3 & Daniel G. A. Piccilli 1 & Edson Luiz Foletto 3 & Guilherme L. Dotto 3 Received: 2 August 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pods of the forest species Caesalpinia echinata were used as an alternative adsorbent to remove bright blue (BB) and methylene blue (MB) dyes. The raw and acid-treated samples were characterized by techniques like SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The acid-treated pod sample was characterized by an amorphous structure containing several cavities, bumps, and functional groups. The Elovich model was the most satisfactory to describe the adsorption kinetic data. The isothermal studies were better described by the Langmuir model for BB dye, with a maximum capacity of 261 mg g−1, and Tóth model for MB dye, giving a maximum capacity of 288 mg g−1. The thermodynamic study indicated a spontaneous and favorable process and endothermic nature for both dyes. In the treatment of two simulated effluents containing a mixture of different compounds such as dyes and salts, to simulate real wastewaters, the adsorbent was highly efficient, presenting around 80% of color removal for both effluents. Therefore, the acidtreated pods of Caesalpinia echinata have great potential to be applied as an alternative adsorbents in treating colored effluents in discontinuous systems. Keywords Caesalpinia echinata . Pod . Adsorption . Bright blue . Methylene blue . Thermodynamic
Introduction Synthetic dyes are present in several industrial sectors, being immense the volume of effluent generated containing these substances. With environmental legislation increasingly strict, the treatment of these effluents before releasing onto the environment is needed, since they contain toxic substances to living organisms, in addition to causing intense visual pollution
Responsible Editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11210-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Guilherme L. Dotto [email protected] 1
Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
2
Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
3
Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
(Miyah et al. 2018). Particularly, the methylene blue dye (MB) is widely used in the textile industry, being highly soluble in water and toxic to living beings (Jawad et al. 2017, 2019). On the other hand, the bright blue dye (BB) is extensively used in food and pharmaceutical products. Despite being used in many countries, the US Food and Drug Administration warned of the potential for to
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