Survival and Virulence Capacity of Native Strain of Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinernema cholashanense in Different Fo
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FULL-LENGTH RESEARCH ARTICLE
Survival and Virulence Capacity of Native Strain of Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinernema cholashanense in Different Formulations Tarique Hassan Askary1 • Mohammad Jamal Ahmad2
Received: 12 October 2019 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 Ó NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences) 2020
Abstract Experiments were conducted to assess the survival and virulence of an indigenous strain of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema cholashanense MH128155 in sponge, vermiculite and cadaver formulations. Maximum recovery of infective juveniles (IJs) was from vermiculite formulation (96.26%), followed by sponge formulation (91%) in the first month stored at 15 °C. IJs recovery in the second month decreased to 90 and 73.4% in vermiculite and sponge formulation, respectively. At 20 °C storage, the recovery of IJs from vermiculite formulation was 95 and 87% and from sponge, 88.10 and 67.24% in the first and second month, respectively. A sharp decline in nematode population was noticed in the third and fourth month at both 15 and 20 °C. The cadaver formulation stored at 15 °C yielded 1.93 lakh IJs as compared to 1.70 lakh IJs at 20 °C in the first month. In case of vermiculite and cadaver formulations, the virulence potential of IJs against rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica larvae was maximum in the first two months, resulting in approximately 100% larval mortality, but per cent larval mortality gradually decreased in the third and fourth month at 15 and 20 °C, whereas IJs formulated in sponge caused 100% larval mortality in the first month which in the second month decreased to 86 and 75% at 15 and 20 °C, respectively. The storage temperature and virulence capacity of S. cholashanense MH128155 were comparatively better at 15 °C than 20 °C; however, storage and virulence of IJs in vermiculite were superior over cadaver and sponge formulation. Keywords Corcyra cephalonica Sponge formulation Vermiculite formulation Cadaver formulation survival Virulence Storage temperature
Introduction Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) belonging to families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae are important biological control agents that have been found to infect over 200 species of insects belonging to different orders [37]. Their & Tarique Hassan Askary [email protected] 1
Division of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-EKashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Wadura Campus, Sopore, Jammu and Kashmir 193201, India
2
Division of Entomology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-EKashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India
mass production and field application are easy; besides, they are considered safe to plants and vertebrates [11] and [3, 12]. The third stage juvenile of entomopathogenic nematode is the only infective stage and therefore referred as infective juvenile (IJ) which is free-living, non-feeding active stage, capable of withstanding under adverse environmental conditions and non-availability of
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