Temperature, turbidity, and the inner filter effect correction methodology for analyzing fluorescent dissolved organic m
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Temperature, turbidity, and the inner filter effect correction methodology for analyzing fluorescent dissolved organic matter in urban sewage Angélique Goffin 1,2 Gilles Varrault 1
&
Laura Alejandra Vasquez-Vergara 2 & Sabrina Guérin-Rechdaoui 2 & Vincent Rocher 2 &
Received: 5 April 2020 / Accepted: 25 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Dissolved organic matter (DOM) will be increasingly monitored by means of in situ fluorescence spectroscopy devices in order to supervise wastewater treatment plant efficiency, due to their ease of implementation and high-frequency measurement capacity. However, fluorescence spectroscopy measurements are reported to be sensitive to the sample matrix effects of temperature, the inner filter effect (IFE), and turbidity. Matrix effect estimation tests and signal correction have been developed for DOM (tyrosine-like, tryptophan-like, and humic substances-like fluorescent compounds) fluorescence measurements in unfiltered urban sewage samples. All such tests are conducted in temperature, absorbance, and turbidity ranges representative of urban sewage. For all fluorophores studied, an average of 1% fluorescence intensity decrease per degree (°C) of temperature increase could be observed. Protein-like fluorescent compound signals were found to be significantly affected by turbidity (0 to 210 NTU) and IFE (absorbance 254 nm > 0.200). Only temperature needs to be corrected for humic substances-like fluorescent compounds since other effects were not observed over the studied ranges of absorbance and turbidity. The fluorescence intensity correction method was applied first to each matrix effect separately and then combined by using a sequential mathematical correction methodology. An efficient methodology for determining the matrix effect correction equations for DOM fluorescence analysis into unfiltered urban sewage samples has been highlighted and could be used for in situ fluorescence measurement devices. Keywords Sewage dissolved organic matter . Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy . Inner filter effect . Temperature . Turbidity . Matrix effect correction methodology
Introduction Fluorescence spectroscopy is increasingly used to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) in various aquatic environments. This method has a great application potential for monitoring watercourses and wastewater treatment plants due to its fast, eco-friendly, costless, and in situ abilities to monitor DOM quality and quantity (Carstea et al. 2020; Spiliotopoulou et al. 2019). With all these advantages,
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Angélique Goffin [email protected] 1
LEESU, Universite Paris Est Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France
2
SIAAP, Direction Innovation, Colombes, France
fluorescence spectroscopy is also highly attractive to wastewater treatment plant operators since a fast and accurate DOM quality/quantity feedback could help adjust treatment efficiency in real time. For example, DOM biodegradability
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