The assessment of the annual effective dose due to ingestion of radionuclides from drinking water consumption: calculati
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The assessment of the annual effective dose due to ingestion of radionuclides from drinking water consumption: calculation methods Violeta Pintilie‑Nicolov1 · Puiu Lucian Georgescu2 · Cătălina Iticescu2 · Dana Iulia Moraru3 · Adelina Georgiana Pintilie4 Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In the present paper the different ways of assessing the annual effective dose due to ingestion of radionuclides by drinking water consumption were examined and exemplified. On a set of 10 samples the gross alpha activity, the gross beta activity, the concentration of 210Po, 210Pb, 238U, 232Th and, 226Ra were measured. The highest annual effective dose values assessed by relying on the investigated sample set were found by using the rationale according to which all the gross alpha and beta activity is due to the alpha and beta radionuclide, with the highest effective dose coefficient, namely 210Po and 210Pb/228Ra, respectively. Keywords Annual effective dose · Effective dose coefficient · Natural radionuclides
Introduction The main processes contributing to the internal exposure of the human body to ionizing radiation are represented by air inhalation and by water and food ingestion. The natural radionuclides present in the atmosphere, contributing to the exposure of the human body to ionizing radiation by inhalation, are in fact radioactive decay products resulting from cosmic radiation, gaseous emissions from the soil, emissions from the soil surface matter or from building materials. Radon and its decay products have the most * Violeta Pintilie‑Nicolov [email protected] 1
Department of Public Health, Ionizing Radiation Laboratory, 12B Rosiori St., 800066 Galați, Romania
2
Faculty of Science and Environment, European Centre of Excellence for the Environment, „Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, 111, Domnească St., 800201 Galați, Romania
3
Department of Food Science, Food Engineering and Applied Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, „Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111, Domnească St., 800201 Galați, Romania
4
„Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 8, Eroii Sanitari Bvd., Bucharest, Romania
important contribution to the effective dose due to indoor exposure of the population to ionizing radiation by inhalation [1]. Occasionally, artificial radionuclides may be released into the atmosphere, in which case they contribute to internal exposure by inhalation and not only. UNSCEAR estimates the contribution of natural sources to the population’s effective dose at 2.4 mSv year−1, this dose comprising the amount of 0.29 due to food and water consumption [2]. The presence of natural radionuclides in water and food is due to the radioactive decay products from the three natural radioactive series existing on Earth (Uranium-238, Uranium-235, Thorium-232 series) and Potassium-40. It is estimated that thorium, with the highest natural isotopic abundance corresponding to the 232Th isotope, is three times more abundan
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