The calcination temperature effect in the synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite: characterization and its application as a nan
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The calcination temperature effect in the synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite: characterization and its application as a nanocarrier F. Mohammadi1 · Sh. Hosseini1 · S. Khaksar2 · F. Chekin1 Received: 17 August 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Drug delivery is the process of administering drugs at a specific amount in a specific site. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is reported as a drug carrier because of its unique properties such as high biodegradability, biocompatibility and drug-loading capacity, easy preparation, sterilization and cost-effective production. In the present study, the nanohydroxyapatite was synthesized at various calcination temperatures by the sol–gel route. The results revealed that the synthesized HA at 700 °C had the highest crystallinity. Moreover, the loading content of ampicillin was studied on HA samples synthesized at different calcination temperatures. It is considered that synthesized HA at 500 °C provided appropriate surface for ampicillin loading. The synthesized HA was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and UV/Vis spectroscopy techniques before and after ampicillin loading. Keywords Nanohydroxyapatite · Calcination temperature · Ampicillin loading · Drug delivery
Introduction Drug delivery is a process in which the carrier is targeted to be combined with the drug or active agent to release the active agent in a predetermined and desired manner from the substance in the body (Bakan et al. 2013). Despite many advances in the development of antibiotics, the treatment of many infectious diseases, especially intercellular infections, remains problematic (Ghaffari et al. 2014). With advances in nanotechnology, conventional drug delivery systems (ODS) have been improved to enhance the quality of drug delivery and reduce drug toxicity (Ahuja and Pathak 2009). Many nanoparticles (NPs) have been produced to improve the loading potential of the drug and their transfer to the target organ, and then release the drug in an acceptable period * Sh. Hosseini [email protected] * S. Khaksar [email protected] 1
Department of Engineering, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
2
(Balas et al. 2006; Yang et al. 2005; Descalzo et al. 2006; Mal et al. 2003). NPs are commonly used in disease prevention and diagnosis. Drug carriers are one of the applications of NPs in ODS in diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer’s disease (Omrani et al. 2016). The NPs used to release the drug should have the properties of biocompatibility, drug compatibility and biodegradability. In addition, the NPs should be released in proportion to time and should have favorable mechanical properties and an easy production process (Mu and Feng 2003). Therefore, the synthesis of biocompatible materials for drug loading is one of the essential requirements (Dorozhkin and E
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