The effect of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus on human umbilical cord tissue and the number of Wharton Jelly
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The effect of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus on human umbilical cord tissue and the number of Wharton Jelly’s mesenchymal stem cells Cigdem Karaca1 · Nuray Bostancıeri2 · Ali Ovayolu3 · Demet Tasdemir Kahraman4 Received: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 30 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The current study investigated the change in umbilical cord tissue and the number of markers of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC) in pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM), with chronic diabetes who developed nephropathy as vascular complication (VC-PGDM), and healthy pregnant women as the control. The umbilical cords (UC) were investigated by the histomorphological method and the number of WJ-MSC were detected by flow-cytometry using the CD90, CD44, CD105, and CD73 markers in Wharton’s jelly (WJ) isolated from fresh umbilical cords. The number of positive cells for CD 90, CD44, CD105, and CD73 were found to be elevated in the GDM group, whereas it was significantly diminished in the VC-PGDM group (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001). The only histopathological sign in the GDM group were an increased number of pores in the Wharton jelly. Artery wall thickness/cord diamater ratio was increased, which indicates an increase of the artery wall thickness in the VC- PGDM group (p = 0.039 and p = 0.048). The increase in umbilical cord diameter and number of Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells in babies of gestational diabetic mothers was considered as an effect of macrosomia seen in babies of mothers with gestational diabetes. Vasculopathy, a long-term complication of diabetes, is known to affect all tissues by causing marked lower perfusion and hypoxia, as well as a decrease in the MSC number in our study. Keywords Umbilical cord · Vascular complication of diabetes Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05965-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Cigdem Karaca [email protected] Nuray Bostancıeri [email protected] Ali Ovayolu [email protected] Demet Tasdemir Kahraman [email protected] 1
Department of Histology Embriology, Afyonkarahisar Health Science University Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
2
Department of Histology Embriology, Gaziantep Ünivercity Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cengiz Gökcek Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
4
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gaziantep Ünivercity Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that affects microscopic tissue structure leading to abnormal vascularization and thus vasculopathy in the long-term. According to the White classification, diabetic pregnancies are classified as gestational diabetes (GDM) or pre-gestational diabetes (PGDM), whereas the PGDM group is further divided into subgroups based on the presence and/or type of vascular c
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