The Effects of a New Generation of Nutraceutical Compounds on Lipid Profile and Glycaemia in Subjects with Pre-hypertens
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The Effects of a New Generation of Nutraceutical Compounds on Lipid Profile and Glycaemia in Subjects with Pre‑hypertension Alberto Mazza1,2 · Laura Schiavon3 · Gianluca Rigatelli4 · Gioia Torin5 · Salvatore Lenti6 Received: 20 May 2019 / Accepted: 23 July 2019 © Italian Society of Hypertension 2019
Abstract Introducion Treatment strategies for patients with pre-hypertension and low–moderate cardiovascular (CV) risk may include nutraceutical compounds (NCs). Aim To investigate the efficacy and safety of a new-generation of NC in lowering BP values and improving metabolic profile, in a group of hyper-cholesterolemic subjects with pre-hypertension. Methods 131 subjects with pre-hypertension (systolic BP 130–139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP 85–89 mmHg) without organ damage and history of CV diseases were enrolled. 66 subjects were treated with a once-daily oral formulation of a NC (red yeast rice, Berberine, Coenzyme Q10, folic acid and chrome) added to diet for 3 months, while 65 patients followed a diet only. Differences in serum total cholesterol (TC), low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC and HDLC), triglycerides (TG), glycemia, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated. Results At the end of treatment, significant reductions of TC, LDLC, TG glucose levels were observed in both treatment groups, while HDLC values increased in the active treatment group only. A greater reduction of TC, LDLC and glycemia was observed in the treatment group. TG levels were not different within the two groups. BP and BMI levels remained unchanged, as well AST, ALT; CPK slightly increased in both groups, but it remained in the normal range. Conclusions In patients with pre-hypertension, NC supplementation was safe, well tolerated and effective in improving lipid pattern and glucose levels and in preventing the progression to overt hypertension. Keywords Cholesterol · Diet · Pre-hypertension · Monacolin K · Nutraceutical compounds This article is part of the topical collection on Nutraceuticals in Hypertension & Cardiovascular Prevention.
1 Introduction
* Alberto Mazza [email protected]
Pre-hypertension is defined as having a systolic blood pressure (BP) reading of between 120 and 139 and/or a diastolic BP reading of 80–89 values [1]. As observed in clinical studies and in the real-life population, pre-hypertension is frequently associated with different metabolic abnormalities that increase the cardiovascular (CV) risk regardless of BP. In this respect, the TECUMSEH BP study reported that people with pre-hypertension were significantly more likely to be overweight, and have higher total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), insulin, glucose levels, and lower highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), than normotensive study participants [2]. Furthermore, patients with either prehypertension or the above-mentioned CV risk factors have a 2–3 times higher risk to develop a sustained hypertensio
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