The Role of Pest Risk Analysis in Plant Biosecurity
The practice of risk analysis in plant quarantine is known as Pest Risk Analysis. The process is closely linked to the international regulatory framework formed by the World Trade Organization Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Mea
- PDF / 547,478 Bytes
- 33 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 95 Downloads / 263 Views
The Role of Pest Risk Analysis in Plant Biosecurity Mark Burgman, Bill Roberts, Claire Sansford, Robert Griffin, and Kerrie Mengersen
9.1
International Context for Pest Risk Analysis
The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) is an international treaty for plant health formed in 1951 to minimise plant pest risks associated with trade. The IPPC Commission adopts International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs), facilitates information exchange, provides for non-binding dispute settlement and promotes capacity building in plant health (Sect. 2.2.4). ISPMs are the standards, guidelines and recommendations used as the basis for phytosanitary measures applied by contracting parties to the IPPC. These same standards are also recognised by the World Trade Organization in the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures which indicates that phytosanitary measures applied by governments in commerce must be based on international standards or risk assessment (SPS Agreement, WTO 1995). The ISPMs provide guidance to countries on the application of measures to protect plants and plant products from ‘pests’ (including pathogens) that can be moved in the course of trade (Hulme 2011).
M. Burgman (*) Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia e-mail: [email protected] B. Roberts Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia C. Sansford Plant Protection Programme, The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK R. Griffin Pest Epidemiology and Risk Assessment Laboratory, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Plant Protection and Quarantine, APHIS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA K. Mengersen Mathematical Sciences, Queensland Institute of Technology, Brisbane, Australia G. Gordh and S. McKirdy (eds.), The Handbook of Plant Biosecurity, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7365-3_9, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht (outside the USA) 2014
235
236
M. Burgman et al.
ISPMs most pertinent to Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) are ISPM 2 (Framework for pest risk analysis, FAO 2007), ISPM 11 (Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests, including analysis of environmental risk and living modified organisms, FAO 2004a), and ISPM 21 (Pest risk analysis for regulated non-quarantine pests, FAO 2004b). The main elements of PRA are shown in a flowchart (Appendix 1) of ISPM 2 (FAO 2007). This is reproduced in Fig. 9.1 and described further under ‘Methodology for PRA’ below. Terms used in the ISPMs are defined in ISPM 5 (Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms, FAO 2010, Table 2.1). The SPS Agreement recognises three international standard-setting bodies: The Codex Alimentarius for food safety issues, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) for animal health and the IPPC for plant health. The central objective of the SPS Agreement is to promote safe trade by ensuring that the measures applied by governments to international commerce for the purpose of protecting plant, animal,
Data Loading...
