The use of bootstrapping method to compare research achievements for ophthalmology authors in the US since 2010
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The use of bootstrapping method to compare research achievements for ophthalmology authors in the US since 2010 Shu‑Chun Kuo1,2 · Yu‑Tsen Yeh3 · Wei‑Chih Kan4 · Tsair‑Wei Chien5 Received: 10 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract The h-index has its popularity in the global scientific community. Despite the h-index being used as an indicator of individual research achievement, two main disadvantages have not been solved: (1) all coauthors contributing equally to article bylines and (2) the integer nature of the h-index making it hard to differentiate the IRAs among entities. This article aims to evaluate the most cited authors, institutes, and the US states in ophthalmology since 2010 using a proposed hx-index. Authors who worked for departments of ophthalmology in the United States were selected for identifying their IRAs in Pubmed Central (PMC) since 2010. Using the PubMed search engine, we conducted an observational study of citation analyses in affiliated research institutes and the US states for all authors who worked for departments of ophthalmology since 2010. A total of 18,289 published articles from 46,121 authors related to ophthalmology from the 50 states were analyzed. The bootstrapping method was applied with an estimated 95% confidence interval (CI) to distinguish the differences in IRAs among states and institutes. The x-index and the Kano model were complemental to the h-index for identifying the IRA characteristics and rankings. A pyramid plot was used to illustrate the importance of the author-weighted scheme (AWS) used for evaluating IRAs in academics. The hx-index combined both advantages of h-/x-indexes was proposed to assess IRAs for each facility. A significant difference was identified by observing two bands of estimated 95% CIs that were not overlapped. Furthermore, we drew a choropleth map on Google Maps to visualize the differences of IRA among states. There is a significant rise over time in the number of publications. The topranking states in hx-index based on publications and citations were Massachusetts (42.28), California (39.24), and Pennsylvania (34.29). If only the top 100 authors were included for calculating the median hx-index in each state, the top three were California (6.45), Massachusetts (3.97). and New York (3.07), with no significant difference found using the bootstrapping method. The institute and author with the highest hx-index were Harvard Medical School (Massachusetts) and Robert N Weinreb (California), respectively. We demonstrated that Dr. Medeiros from California published 466 articles in PMC and used the example to elucidate the importance of AWS when IRAs were assessed. With an overall increase in publications in the field of ophthalmology, IRAs assessed by these (1) hx-index, (2)the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1119 2-020-03725-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Extended author information availab
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