Trace Elements in the Large Population-Based HUNT3 Survey
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Trace Elements in the Large Population-Based HUNT3 Survey Tore Syversen 1
&
Lars Evje 1,2 & Susann Wolf 1,3 & Trond Peder Flaten 4 & Syverin Lierhagen 4 & Anica Simic 4
Received: 6 August 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (The HUNT Study) is a large health survey population study in the county of Trøndelag, Norway. The survey has been repeated four times in about 10-year intervals. In the HUNT3 survey (2006–2008), we collected 28,000 samples for trace element analysis. Blood samples from 758 healthy persons without known occupational exposure were selected for multielement analysis of a small sample of blood (0.25 mL). The aim of the study was to determine the minimum blood volume that can be used for the analytical procedure and to compare our results with previously published results of similar surveys in healthy populations. Samples were digested and the concentration of selected trace elements was determined by ICPMS. We report results on essential elements (B, Co, Cu, Mn, Se and Zn) as well as non-essential elements (As, Be, Br, Cd, Cs, In, La, Pb, Hg, Nd, Ni, Nb, Pd, Pt, Sm, Ta and Sn). Results are similar to previous studies on the HUNT3 population, and with a few exceptions, our data compares very well with results obtained in recent studies from other countries. We wanted to test a minimum volume of blood in a large-scale analytical program. For a number of nonessential elements, our results were below the limit of detection. We suggest that future studies using similar ICP-MS equipment as analytical tool should use at least 0.5 mL of blood. Keywords Population-based study . Trace elements . ICP-MS analysis . Blood samples
Introduction It is a fundamental principle in pharmacology and toxicology that the effect of an agent becomes more likely if the dose or exposure increases. Most environmental contaminants that may induce health effects behave this way. For trace elements, it becomes somewhat more complicated. The basic principle may apply when we consider non-essential elements while we for essential elements may also observe poor health when the exposure is below a minimum requirement for that organism.
* Tore Syversen [email protected]
Apart from individual differences in genetic character, it is our environment that is most likely to influence our body’s trace element composition. Inadequate body burden of essential elements can be caused by the diet being deficient in the particular element or that other factors in the local environment may change the uptake efficiency of that essential element [1]. Thus, when we correlate health parameters and trace elements in, e.g. blood, we cannot readily determine whether health changes are the result of changes in, e.g. blood levels of that particular trace element—or if the body burden of that element
1
Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
2
Present address
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