Transcriptional analysis of exopolysaccharides biosynthesis gene clusters in Lactobacillus plantarum
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Transcriptional analysis of exopolysaccharides biosynthesis gene clusters in Lactobacillus plantarum Valeria Vastano1 · Filomena Perrone1 · Rosangela Marasco1 · Margherita Sacco1 · Lidia Muscariello1
Received: 16 June 2015 / Revised: 15 October 2015 / Accepted: 28 October 2015 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
Abstract Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria contribute to specific rheology and texture of fermented milk products and find applications also in nondairy foods and in therapeutics. Recently, four clusters of genes (cps) associated with surface polysaccharide production have been identified in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, a probiotic and food-associated lactobacillus. These clusters are involved in cell surface architecture and probably in release and/or exposure of immunomodulating bacterial molecules. Here we show a transcriptional analysis of these clusters. Indeed, RT-PCR experiments revealed that the cps loci are organized in five operons. Moreover, by reverse transcription–qPCR analysis performed on L. plantarum WCFS1 (wild type) and WCFS1-2 (ΔccpA), we demonstrated that expression of three cps clusters is under the control of the global regulator CcpA. These results, together with the identification of putative CcpA target sequences (catabolite responsive element CRE) in the regulatory region of four out of five transcriptional units, strongly suggest for the first time a role of the master regulator CcpA in EPS gene transcription among lactobacilli.
Communicated by Pierre Béguin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-015-1169-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lidia Muscariello [email protected] 1
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
Keywords Exopolysaccharides · Lactobacillus plantarum · CcpA · Transcriptional analysis
Introduction Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular biopolymers widely distributed in nature, produced by different organisms, such as animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Due to their industrially useful physicochemical properties, in addition to their GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status, EPS produced by LAB have aroused great interest in the scientific community. EPS derived from LAB contribute to specific rheology, texture, and mouth feel of fermented food and find application also in non-food industry, such as cosmetics and pharmaceutics. In the human gut, EPS produced by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria would greatly contribute to the maintenance of the healthy status of this ecosystem, and thereby of the host (Salazar et al. 2015). Apart from their prebiotic effects, EPS have been identified as blood cholesterolemia reducer, immunomodulator, antitumoral and antiulcer agents (Badel et al. 2011; Liu et al. 2011; Patel et al. 2012). Despite their proved utility in food a
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