Transcriptome changes and polymyxin resistance of acid-adapted Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43889
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(2020) 12:52 Hwang et al. Gut Pathog https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-020-00390-5
Open Access
RESEARCH
Transcriptome changes and polymyxin resistance of acid‑adapted Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43889 Daekeun Hwang1,2, Seung Min Kim3 and Hyun Jung Kim1,2*
Abstract Background: Acid treatment is commonly used for controlling or killing pathogenic microorganisms on medical devices and environments; however, inadequate acid treatment may cause acid tolerance response (ATR) and offer cross-protection against environmental stresses, including antimicrobials. This study aimed to characterise an Escherichia coli strain that can survive in the acidic gastrointestinal environment. Results: We developed an acid-tolerant E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43889 (ATCC 43889) strain that can survive at pH 2.75 via cell adaptation in low pH conditions. We also performed RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR to compare differentially expressed transcripts between acid-adapted and non-adapted cells. Genes related to stress resistance, including kdpA and bshA were upregulated in the acid-adapted ATCC 43889 strain. Furthermore, the polymyxin resistance gene arnA was upregulated in the acid-adapted cells, and resistance against polymyxin B and colistin (polymyxin E) was observed. As polymyxins are important antibiotics, effective against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections, the emergence of polymyxin resistance in acid-adapted E. coli is a serious public health concern. Conclusion: The transcriptomic and phenotypic changes analysed in this study during the adaptation of E. coli to acid environments can provide useful information for developing intervention technologies and mitigating the risk associated with the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Keywords: E. coli O157:H7, Polymyxin resistance, Acid adaptation, Whole genome sequencing, Transcriptome analysis
Background Acid treatment is commonly used for the control or elimination of pathogenic microorganisms on the surface of medical devices or in environments, as well as in treatment of wastewater and food, as most microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, grow optimally at a pH range of 5–9 [1–3]. For instance, in pharmaceutical and medical environments, hypochlorous acid is used as an antimicrobial agent against a wide range of *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Research Group of Consumer Safety, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Jeollabuk‑do 55365, Republic of Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
microorganisms causing wound infections [1]. A nitrous acid as a disinfectant for wastewater for 48 h treatment [4], and a hydrochloric acid (HCl) and organic acids composite was commercially used to spray on meat [5], and a 4 log reduction in E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes abundance on the lettuce leaf combined with chlorinated water adjusted to pH 2.5 [6] has a synergistic effect. However, improper or sub-lethal application of acids can induce acid tolerance response (ATR), which contributes to the survi
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