Tridimensional spatial distribution of manganese in a river impacted by metallurgical activity and mining
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Tridimensional spatial distribution of manganese in a river impacted by metallurgical activity and mining Margarita Gutiérrez-Ruiz 1 & Jean-François Parrot 2 & Carolina Ramírez-Núñez 3 & Leticia Pérez-Manzanera 1 & Daniel Amaro-Ramírez 1 & Lizbeth Jardines-Mendoza 1 Received: 9 June 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A three-dimensional interpolation method based on a digital elevation model (DEM) was developed to assess the impact of mining and metallurgical activity on the Claro River (Hidalgo, Mexico). This method was used to analyze the spatial concentration of manganese in sediments, water, and fish (viscera and muscle). Input data correspond to chemical manganese (Mn) analysis of the aforementioned environmental matrices, mining discharge volumes, and rainfall data. The three-dimensional model made it possible to (a) define Mn dispersion (19 km for sediments and 13 km for viscera); (b) identify northern meanders of the Claro River as areas of Mn accumulation in sediments and fish; and (c) determine river features that influence Mn concentration in fish. Results indicate that Mn concentration increases in areas receiving industrial discharges, as well as in meanders located near Acuimantla village. Total Mn levels in the water are between < 0.01 and 6.57 mg/L, while soluble and colloidal Mn concentrations range from < 0.01 to 0.49 mg/L. The highest Mn values in the water (total Mn: 6.57 mg/L and soluble-colloidal Mn: 0.49 mg/L) were detected in tributary rivers near industrial discharge sites. The concentration in water compared with that in sediments (160–213,867 mg/kg) and fish (viscera: 5–5236 mg/kg and muscle: 10.7–398.8 mg/kg) indicates low solubility of this mineral. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and contamination factor (CF) show that sediment composition has been affected. Keywords Manganese . Hydric dispersion . Three-dimensional modeling . Environmental matrices
Introduction Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for humans, animals, and plants naturally present in rock, soil, water, and food (ATSDR 2012). A homeostatic mechanism normalizes Mn
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Jean-François Parrot [email protected] 1
Laboratorio de Biogeoquímica del Ambiente (Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory), Facultad de Química (School of Chemistry), UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
2
Laboratorio de Análisis Geoespacial, Instituto de Geografía, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
3
Instituto de Geografía, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
levels in humans, though the amount and duration of Mn exposure are directly linked to health problems. Chronic exposure to high concentrations of respirable Mn particles results in neuro-motor damage and in some cases leads to symptoms similar to those of Parkinson’s disease
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