Tunable terahertz optical bistability and multistability in photonic metamaterial multilayers containing nonlinear diele
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Tunable terahertz optical bistability and multistability in photonic metamaterial multilayers containing nonlinear dielectric slab and graphene sheet Chao‑Peng Wen1 · Wei Liu1 · Jian‑Wei Wu1 Received: 9 March 2020 / Accepted: 5 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, optical bistability and multistability phenomena are numerically investigated in the terahertz frequency domain based on the quasiperiodic photonic metamaterial multilayers, in which both the regular positive index and special negative index materials are artificially arranged, according to the interesting Fibonacci sequence structure. In order to obtain the tunable bistability and multibistability behaviors, the Kerr-type nonlinear dielectric layer and graphene sheet are sandwiched between two Fibonacci quasiperiodic one-dimensional photonic crystals. Results show that the intensity-dependent hysteresis curves including bistability and multistability are thoroughly discussed by judiciously changing the systematical parameters such as the frequency of incident wave, thickness of each layer, incident angle, as well as the chemical potential of graphene which can produce strong influences on the switch-up/down threshold values and widths of hysteresis loops. Keywords Metamaterials · Multilayer structure · Nonlinear phenomenon · Hysteresis behavior
1 Introduction Over the past few decades, nonlinear optical bistability and multistability in which one light is controlled by another light, i.e., two or more steady output states caused by one input level, have attracted a lot of attentions and successfully are used to perform different functions such as logic gate [1], switching [2], optical memory [3], as well as biosensor [4]. In previous reports, in order to generate input–outputdependent hysteresis behaviors, a large number of nonlinear optical setups including semiconductor laser [5–7], quantum well system [8, 9], semiconductor optical amplifier [10, 11], ring resonance cavity [12–14], photonic crystal [15–19], and so on have been presented and demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. Of course, it should be noted that the artificial photonic crystal, especially for nonlinear onedimensional periodic or quasiperiodic lattice, is a promising candidate for performing the intensity-dependent hysteresis
* Jian‑Wei Wu [email protected] 1
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, People’s Republic of China
process because of its simple design structure and flexible operation. It is well known that one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) with finite periodic structure is often utilized to perform the bistability and multistability phenomena. In the conventional 1D PC structure, one period is a cell unit consisting of alternating layers with various refractive indexes along the propagation direction. But, the quasiperiodic photonic multilayers are also often chosen to generate various nonlinear behaviors such as hysteresis curves because
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