Design and implementation of a tunable composite photonic crystal cavity on an optical nanofiber
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Design and implementation of a tunable composite photonic crystal cavity on an optical nanofiber Ramachandrarao Yalla1 · Kohzo Hakuta2 Received: 30 November 2019 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract We report a novel approach to the design and implementation of a tunable cavity on an optical nanofiber (ONF). The key point is to create a composite photonic crystal cavity (CPCC), by combining an ONF and a diverged period defect mode grating. Using numerical simulations we design the CPCC with low scattering loss while tuning the cavity resonance wavelength of ±10 nm around the designed wavelength. We experimentally demonstrate the tunability of the CPCC, showing good agreement with the simulation results. Our results lay the foundation for a versatile platform for ONF cavity-quantumelectrodynamics with narrow bandwidth quantum emitters. Keywords Nanophotonics and photonic crystals · Photonic crystal waveguides
1 Introduction Nano-waveguides offer a versatile and growing platform for nano-photonics with various applications, typically in quantum optics [1–6], quantum photonics [7], and sensing [8, 9]. Cavity creation on nano-waveguides is a crucial requirement for enhancing the light-matter interaction strength. To date, various approaches have been developed by directly fabricating nanostructures on the nano-waveguide itself [10–13]. From the viewpoint of fiber networks, tapered optical fibers with sub-wavelength in diameter termed as optical nanofibers (ONFs) are particularly promising due to their ability of automatic coupling to single mode fibers [1–5]. Cavity formation on the ONF has been demonstrated via two methods: one is the direct fabrication of photonic crystal cavities on the ONF itself using focused ion beam milling technique and femtosecond laser ablation [10, 14–18] and the other is a composite photonic crystal cavity (CPCC) method, which does not directly fabricate on the * Ramachandrarao Yalla [email protected] Kohzo Hakuta [email protected] 1
School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
Center for Photonic Innovations, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182‑8585, Japan
2
ONF. The CPPC was formed by mounting the ONF onto a nanofabricated grating with a central defect [19, 20, 22]. To extend such ONF cavities for cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), one crucial requirement is the ability to tune the cavity resonance wavelength (λres) precisely to match with the narrow spectral emission line of a quantum emitter. Regarding the direct fabrication methods, tuning the λresvalue up to ±10 nm around the designed wavelength has been experimentally demonstrated by mechanical stretching of the ONF [15, 16]. Regarding the composite method, although the tuning of the λres-value has not been experimentally demonstrated, two possible ways have been proposed. One is to precisely control the ONF diameter so that the effective refractive index of the ONF guided mode changes. The other is b
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