Uptake and Translocation of Pharmaceuticals in Plants: Principles and Data Analysis
Pharmaceuticals originating from reclaimed wastewater or biosolid-, livestock manure- or sewage sludge-amended soils can enter crops by irrigation and fertilization. Generally, the putative uptake occurs through the plants’ roots and can lead to the bioac
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Contents 1 Background 2 Which Factors Can Influence the Uptake of Pharmaceuticals by Plant Roots? 2.1 Compounds Properties 2.2 Uptake of Pharmaceuticals by Plant Roots 2.3 Translocation of Pharmaceuticals Within Different Plant Parts 2.4 Role of Biotransformation in the Translocation of Pharmaceuticals 2.5 Vacuolar Transport and Sequestration 3 Experimental Section 3.1 Data Collected 3.2 Data Analysis 4 Recommendations and Outcomes from Data Analysis 4.1 Concluding Remarks References
Abstract Pharmaceuticals originating from reclaimed wastewater or biosolid-, livestock manure- or sewage sludge-amended soils can enter crops by irrigation and fertilization. Generally, the putative uptake occurs through the plants’ roots and
Y. Bigott, P. Schröder, and C. Cruzeiro (*) Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] D. M. Khalaf Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt P. M. Schröder Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany Sandra Pérez Solsona, Nicola Montemurro, Serge Chiron, and Damià Barceló (eds.), Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems: The Impact of Reclaimed Wastewater, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_622, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Y. Bigott et al.
can lead to the bioaccumulation in different plant parts. The uptake and translocation therefore is dependent on multiple parameters, i.e. physicochemical properties of compounds, plant physiology and environmental factors. This book chapter combines a theoretical background on the main principles of uptake and translocation of pharmaceuticals by plants and a critical evaluation of current available literature, by analysing studies for the bioconcentration and translocation factors of different pharmaceutical groups in several plant species. Thereby, interesting results were obtained by looking at the translocation of various pharmaceuticals in radish and at cationic compounds in soil studies. Comparing the different studies, the relevance of testing not only high but also real environmental concentrations became obvious, since for some pharmaceuticals, higher uptake and translocation ratios were achieved with lower applied concentrations. Basic guidelines could provide a possibility to make scientific data more comparable and reliable and to avoid the exclusion of potential reasons for the missing uptake or translocation of pharmaceuticals. This book chapter provides recommendations for future research studies to generate more valid conclusions within the scientific community. Keywords Bioconcentration factor, Hydroponic studies, Ionic compounds, Sequestration, Soil studies, Translocation factor
1 Background Ecosystems are often exposed to natural or synthetic sub
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