Use of Magnetic Activated Carbon in a Solid Phase Extraction Procedure for Analysis of 2,4-dichlorophenol in Water Sampl
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Use of Magnetic Activated Carbon in a Solid Phase Extraction Procedure for Analysis of 2,4-dichlorophenol in Water Samples Samantha Christina Rodrigues & Maria Cristina Silva & Juliana Arriel Torres & Maria Lucia Bianchi
Received: 5 February 2020 / Accepted: 15 April 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In the present study, a composite was synthesized by the impregnation of activated carbon with magnetite (Fe3O4) using a simple co-precipitation method. Several characterizations were performed, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), point of zero charge (PZC), specific surface area, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The magnetic activated carbon composite (MAC) was used as a new adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4DCP) in water samples. The main experimental parameters, such as adsorbent mass, pH, adsorbent/adsorbent contact time, volume and type of desorbent, sample volume, and desorption time were optimized. The method showed linearity in the investigated concentration range of 1 μg mL−1–6 μg mL−1 (R2 = 0.999). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.293 μg mL−1 and 0.890 μg mL−1, re-
spectively. The recoveries for the water samples ranged from 50.0% to 55.0% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 4.8%. The CAM presented application to MSPE and the magnetic properties inserted in the activated carbon (AC) contributed for the fast and easy removal of the adsorbent from the reaction medium. Thus, the proposed method proved to be easy, efficient, and environmentally friendly due to low solvent consumption. Keywords Magnetic solid phase extraction . Chlorophenols . Magnetic sorbent . Real water samples
M. C. Silva Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Sao Joao del Rei, Sao Joao del Rei, MG 36301-160, Brazil
Abbreviations Fe3O4 XRD SEM PZC BET method FTIR MAC MSPE 2,4 DCP LOD LOQ RSD AC 2,4 D EPA
J. A. Torres National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), EMBRAPA Instrumentation, São Carlos, SP 13561-206, Brazil
EU MNPs
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04610-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. S. C. Rodrigues (*) : M. L. Bianchi Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, CP 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-00, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
magnetite X-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy point of zero charge specific surface area Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy magnetic activated carbon magnetic solid phase extraction 2,4-dichlorophenol limit of detection limit of quantification relative standard deviation activated carbon 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid United States Environmental Protection Agency European Union magnetic nanoparticles
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