Off-line solid-phase extraction procedure for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous matrice
- PDF / 485,087 Bytes
- 10 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 37 Downloads / 266 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Off-line solid-phase extraction procedure for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous matrices I. Limam • M. R. Driss
Received: 27 August 2011 / Revised: 4 April 2012 / Accepted: 3 August 2012 / Published online: 26 March 2013 Ó Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2013
Abstract An off-line solid-phase extraction procedure followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for the determination of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in aqueous matrices was described. Diverse aspects determining extraction efficiency such as packing type (disk or cartridge), elution solvents and addition of organic modifiers to the sample were evaluated. Elution with acetonitrile yields the highest recoveries. Rinsing the sample bottle with acetonitrile and combining the rinse with the sample extract avoids the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the walls of the water containers. The use of isopropanol or methanol 10 % (V/V) was the most appropriate amount for the enrichment of 2- to 6-ring aromatic compounds only on C18 cartridge. The recoveries for all studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ranged from 71.4 to 95.2 % for a treated water samples of 500 mL. The proposed method gives very low detection limits (subnanograms per liter) and it has been applied to drinking water, surface water and industrial effluent (oil refinery) samples with good results. Keywords Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Off-line solid-phase extraction Water HPLC
I. Limam (&) Methods and Analysis Techniques Laboratory LR 10 INRAP 03, National Institute of Research and Physicochemical Analysis, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia e-mail: [email protected] I. Limam M. R. Driss Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit 05/UR/12-03, University of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
Introduction Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrophobic organic compounds coming mainly from petroleum and the incomplete combustion of organic substance. They are introduced into surface waters via atmospheric fallout, municipal effluents leaching or by oil spills. They are a source of concern for the environment since some of them are mutagenic or carcinogenic (Coluci et al. 2002; UNEP 2002; Arulazhagan et al. 2010; Mahadevan et al. 2005; Abrajano Jr et al. 2007). Due to the extensive amount of data suggesting the hazards of these compounds, many PAHs are included in the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and in the European Union priority lists of pollutants. In Europe, the reference concentration in groundwater for one of the most dangerous PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene, is 0.01 ppb, while that for fluoranthene and pyrene is 0.02 ppb. Moreover, the concentration values for the six target PAHs (fluoranthene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene) cannot exceed 0.2 ppb in groundwater whereas in surface water, maximum levels can go up to 1 ppb depending on the surface water treatment process (Europ
Data Loading...
