Vasculitides and Related Diseases
The term “vasculitis” stands for a spectrum of diseases characterized by an inflammatory injury of the vascular wall which may affect arteries and veins; it may lead to necrosis or to granulomatous inflammation of the vascular wall, occlusion of the vascu
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Immunology and Rheumatology in Questions
Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos Evangelia Zampeli Editors
Immunology and Rheumatology in Questions Second Edition
Editors Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos Academy of Athens Athens Greece
Evangelia Zampeli Bioclinic General Hospital of Athens and Institute for Autoimmune Systemic and Neurological Disorders Athens Greece
ISBN 978-3-030-56669-2 ISBN 978-3-030-56670-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56670-8 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Rheumatology is a medical specialty which provides diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients suffering from diseases which can affect, in addition to the musculoskeletal system, every organ of the human body. The etiology of these disorders is diverse, expanding from immune-mediated to genetic, degenerative, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, the specialists of this medical field should be adequately trained in all internal medicine fields. On the other hand, physicians from almost all medical domains should be able to recognize manifestations of rheumatic disorders and refer the patient to a rheumatology specialist in order to categorize the disease process and to institute the appropriate therapeutic scheme. In addition, rheumatologists should understand in depth the pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases so as to request necessary and appropriate laboratory and molecular tests which will aim at diagnosis and proper therapy. The progress of molecular immunobiology has aided the comprehension of the pathogenetic aspects of autoimmune/connect
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