Vortex-Assisted Solidified Floating Organic Drop Microextraction of Molybdenum in Beverages and Food Samples Coupled wit
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Vortex-Assisted Solidified Floating Organic Drop Microextraction of Molybdenum in Beverages and Food Samples Coupled with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Mustafa Tuzen 1,2 & Ahsan Mushir Shemsi 2 & Alaadin A. Bukhari 2
Received: 22 March 2016 / Accepted: 5 June 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Abstract A simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective vortexassisted solidified floating organic drop microextraction (VA-SFODME) method was developed for the determination of molybdenum in beverages and food samples by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). 4-Amino-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (AHNA) was used as complexing reagent. 1-Undecanol was used as extraction solvent. Analytical parameters were investigated and optimized as pH 5, ligand amount 1 mg, volume of 1undecanol 100 μL, extraction time 4 min, and sample volume 20 mL. Under optimum conditions, enrichment factor (EF) and limit of detection (LOD) for Mo(VI) were found to be 133 and 10 ng L−1, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was found to be 2.5 %. Matrix effects of some cations, anions, and transition metal ions were also investigated. The accuracy of the VA-SFODME method was confirmed by the analysis of certified reference materials (NIST SRM 1568a rice flour, GBW 07605 tea, and NIST SRM 1577b bovine liver). Optimized method was successfully applied to beverages and food samples after microwave digestion method.
Keywords Molybdenum . 4-Amino-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid .
* Mustafa Tuzen [email protected]
1
Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
2
Research Institute, Center for Environment and Water, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Vortex-assisted solidified floating organic drop microextraction . GFAAS . Beverages and food samples
Introduction Molybdenum is known as an essential trace element at low concentration for plants, humans, and animals, but it can be toxic when consumed at high concentrations (Kara and Karadas 2015; Mansouri et al. 2011). There is a narrow range of concentrations of molybdenum in plants which can cause deficiency or toxicity (Oviedo et al. 2013). Molybdenum is added to fertilizers at trace amounts for the growth of plant. Molybdenum does not occur in nature. It is released to the environment through industrial processes, metal alloys, pigments, lubricants, fossil fuel combustion, and chemical catalysis (Gharehbaghi and Shemirani 2011). Some food samples contained high amounts of molybdenum such as nuts, lentils, leafy green vegetables, spices, milk, and lamb liver (Kara and Karadas 2015; Gurkan et al. 2013). The Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) of molybdenum was calculated by the US Food and Nutrition Board as 17 μg for children between the ages of 1 and 3, 22 μg for children between the ages of 4 and 8, 45 μg for an adult, and 50 μg for pregnant and lactating women (Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine 2001). The US
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