Ultrasonic-Air-Assisted Solidification of Settled Organic Drop Microextraction Using Terpene-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent
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ORIGINAL
Ultrasonic‑Air‑Assisted Solidification of Settled Organic Drop Microextraction Using Terpene‑Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Effectual Enrichment of Methadone in Biological Samples Maryam Nedaei1 · Khosrou Abdi2,3 · Sohrab Ali Ghorbanian1 · Nazanin Pirooznia2 Received: 2 May 2020 / Revised: 26 August 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this research, three novel ultra-hydrophobic, low-viscosity, non-ionic, and heavier-than-water deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on salol and terpenes are proposed. The prepared DESs were effectively used as extraction solvents in the solidification of settled organic drop (SSOD) microextraction. Despite other hydrophobic DESs, these sustainable bio-compatible extraction mediums are compatible with GC. The ultrasonic-air agitation service for the formation of the emulsion was used to enhance the mass transfer of target analytes to extract into the fine DES droplets. Phase separation in this new enrichment method was simply achieved by centrifugation of cloudy solution at 20 °C followed by decanting the aqueous solution. The effect of the main variables on the extraction efficiency of methadone was investigated. The proposed method because of its distinctive features can be introduced as a simple and effective method for the enrichment of methadone in water and biological samples. Limits of detection derived after optimizing influential parameters ranged between 0.3 and 1.5 µg L−1. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 10% and the enrichment factor values were in the range of 65–314. Recoveries obtained through methadone analysis in real samples were in the acceptable range of 91.5–105.5%. Keywords Salol–terpene deep eutectic solvents · Green analytical chemistry · Microextraction · Tailor made · Biological sample · Methadone
Introduction Methadone is a synthetic central-acting analgesic drug that is frequently used throughout the world in the treatment of pain, and for the treatment of opiates dependence on heroin, morphine, and other opioids. Besides, because Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-020-03952-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Khosrou Abdi [email protected] * Sohrab Ali Ghorbanian [email protected] 1
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
of its considerable influence on reducing the risk of HIV and AIDS, methadone is regarded as one of the most effective public health strategies [1, 2]. Like any other narcotic, the use of methadone poses some health risks such as dizziness, feeling nauseated and off-balance, sleepiness, or in some cases death [3]. Then the dosage of methadone sho
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