Water, Soil and the Plant
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Science in Horticulture Series General Editor: Professor L. Broadbent, University of Bath
This series of texts has been designed for students on courses in horticulture at the Higher National Certificate or Diploma level, but care has been taken to ensure that they are not too specialised for lower-level courses, nor too superficial for university work. All the contributors to the series have had experience in both the horticultural industry and education. Consequently, the books have a strong practical flavour which should reinforce their value as textbooks and also make them of interest to a wide audience, including growers and farmers, extension officers, research workers, workers in the agrochemical, marketing and allied industries, and the many gardeners who are interested in the science behind their hobby. The authors are all British, but they have illustrated their books with examples drawn from many countries. As a result the texts should be of value to English-speaking students of horticulture throughout the world.
There be Come which ure to waltr their beds with great S
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The Water Balance
7
the soi I surface thaws before deeper layers the resulting impeded drainage causes sufficient accumulation of water to replenish the soil fully and to meet crop needs the following summer. This is an example of natural bulk storage of water. In southern France also, winter rainfall is stored for irrigating orchards during the rain less summer but here the reservoirs are artificial. In contrast the Assam rice crop derives its whole water requirement from monsoon rain falling during the growing season itself. In the UK, although monthly precipitation is fairly uniform throughout the year, evaporation usually exceeds rainfall during the summer growing season (table 1.1) and the resulting soil moisture stress almost invariably reduces growth. Under such conditions irrigation of almost any crop can improve its yield, though as will be seen later the cost Table 7.7
Evaporation, precipitation and drainage measured in Central England 1969
)an Feb Mar Apr May )un )ul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rainfall (mm)
Evaporation (trans
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