Waterlogging Signalling and Tolerance in Plants
In the last half century, because of the raising world population and because of the many environmental issues posed by the industrialization, the amount of arable land per person has declined from 0.32 ha in 1961–1963 to 0.21 ha in 1997–1999 and is expec
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Stefano Mancuso
l
Sergey Shabala
Editors
Waterlogging Signalling and Tolerance in Plants
Editors Prof. Dr. Stefano Mancuso Polo Scientifico - University of Florence Dpt. Plant, Soil and Environmental Science LINV International Laboratory of Plant Neurobiology Viale delle idee, 30 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy e-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Sergey Shabala University of Tasmania School of Agricultural Science Private Bag 54 Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia e-mail: [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-10304-9 e-ISBN 978-3-642-10305-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-10305-6 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010920284 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany, from a sketch of S. Mancuso Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
In the last half century, because of the raising world population and because of the many environmental issues posed by the industrialization, the amount of arable land per person has declined from 0.32 ha in 1961–1963 to 0.21 ha in 1997–1999 and is expected to drop further to 0.16 ha by 2030 and therefore is a severe menace to food security (FAO 2006). At the same time, about 12 million ha of irrigated land in the developing world has lost its productivity due to waterlogging and salinity. Waterlogging is a major problem for plant cultivation in many regions of the world. The reasons are in part due to climatic change that leads to the increased number of precipitations of great intensity, in part to land degradation. Considering India alone, the total area suffering from waterlogging is estimated to be about 3.3 million ha (Bhattacharya 1992), the major causes of waterlogging include superfluous irrigation supplies, seepage losses from canal, impeded sub-surface drainage, and lack of proper land development. In addition, many irrigated areas are subjected to yield decline because of waterlogging due to inadequate drainage systems. Worldwide, it has been estimated that at least one-tenth of the irrigated cropland suffers from waterlogging. Higher plants are aerobic organisms needi
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