White matter alterations in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in relation to sensory
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RESEARCH
White matter alterations in autism spectrum disorder and attention‑deficit/hyperactivity disorder in relation to sensory profile Haruhisa Ohta1†, Yuta Y. Aoki1† , Takashi Itahashi1 , Chieko Kanai1, Junya Fujino1, Motoaki Nakamura1, Nobumasa Kato1 and Ryu‑ichiro Hashimoto1,2*
Abstract Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high rates of co-occurrence and share atypical behavioral characteristics, including sensory symptoms. The present diffusion ten‑ sor imaging (DTI) study was conducted to examine whether and how white matter alterations are observed in adult populations with developmental disorders (DD) and to determine how brain–sensory relationships are either shared between or distinct to ASD and ADHD. Methods: We collected DTI data from adult population with DD (a primary diagnosis of ASD: n = 105, ADHD: n = 55) as well as age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) participants (n = 58). Voxel-wise fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity (RD) were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics. The severi‑ ties of sensory symptoms were assessed using the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). Results: Categorical analyses identified voxel clusters showing significant effects of DD on FA and RD in the poste‑ rior portion of the corpus callosum and its extension in the right hemisphere. Furthermore, regression analyses using the AASP scores revealed that slopes in relationships of FA or RD with the degree of sensory symptoms were parallel between the two DDs in large parts of the affected corpus callosum regions. A small but significant cluster did exist showing difference in association between an AASP subscale score and RD across ASD and ADHD. Limitations: Wide age range of the participants may be oversimplified. Conclusions: These results indicate that white matter alteration and their relationships to sensory symptoms are largely shared between ASD and ADHD, with localized abnormalities showing significant between-diagnosis differ‑ ences within DD. Keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Autism spectrum disorder, Developmental disorder, Diffusion tensor imaging, Sensory problem
*Correspondence: [email protected] † Haruhisa Ohta and Yuta Y. Aoki have equally contributed to the manuscript 1 Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6‑11‑11, Kita‑Karasuyama, Setagaya‑ku, Tokyo 157‑8577, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction and repeated restricted behavior [1]. Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is also a developmental disorder with symptoms including attention-related difficulties and hyperactivity [1]. Despite the differences in their core symptoms, more than 50% of people with
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