Will Macrophomina phaseolina spread in legumes due to climate change? A critical review of current knowledge
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REVIEW
Will Macrophomina phaseolina spread in legumes due to climate change? A critical review of current knowledge Abhay K. Pandey1 · Ashwani K. Basandrai2 Received: 3 August 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract The response of climate change to the existing biotic stresses in legumes especially fungal diseases is a key global concern. The legumes are attacked by several yield-limiting fungal diseases, and dry root rot (DRR) or charcoal rot (CR) caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is an important disease in legumes. There have been noteworthy scientific reports on the issue of how climate change is expected to be accountable for the survival and spread of M. phaseolina in legumes and other crops. In particular, microsclerotia, which are the source of primary inoculum, play an important role in the life cycle of M. phaseolina, help in survival and spread as well as disease initiation and development. Adaptation strategies through crop management (rotating field and cropping practices, use of chemicals and bio-fungicides) and development of resistant varieties through breeding could be developed, evaluated and pooled to partially cope with the impact of M. phaseolina in legumes. The adaptation strategies can support to alleviate some of the climate change impacts in disease spread in legumes; however, eventually, there is a boundary as to how far leguminous crops can adapt to the changing climate and can combat with the DRR/CR, which is essential for durable food security. Understanding the current status of spread of M. phaseolina in legumes due to climate change and limitations of the existing mitigation strategies is important, and there are many breaks for the future study. This review discusses the current status of significance of M. phaseolina in legumes, impact of climatic factors on its life cycle, survival and spread in different leguminous crops, adaptation strategies and impact of climate change on it as well as highlights important knowledge gaps for potential future research. Keywords DRR/CR · Epidemiology · Climatic factors · Genetic variability · Adaptation strategies
Introduction Current studies have proved that agriculture is vulnerable to climate change. Higher temperatures due to global warming tend to reduce the yield of crops and favor the pest and disease emergence and proliferation (Ghini et al. 2012). Climate changes are likely to affect survival rates and spread of the pathogens in diverse patho-systems, modify host susceptibility, resulting in changes in the impact of diseases on crops (Sharma et al. 2019). Earlier reports showed that * Abhay K. Pandey [email protected] 1
Department of Mycology and Microbiology, North Bengal Regional R and D Center, TRA,Nagrakata, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal 735225, India
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062, India
2
increase in temperature, CO2 concentration and drought due to climate
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