World-wide prevalence of Anisakis larvae in fish and its relationship to human allergic anisakiasis: a systematic review
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FISH PARASITOLOGY - REVIEW
World-wide prevalence of Anisakis larvae in fish and its relationship to human allergic anisakiasis: a systematic review Amene Raouf Rahmati 1 & Behzad Kiani 2 & Asma Afshari 3 & Elham Moghaddas 1 & Michelle Williams 4 & Shokoofeh Shamsi 4 Received: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The infective stage of Anisakidae nematodes responsible for allergic reactions in humans is found in a variety of edible fish and cephalopods. The identification of geographical regions that are high risk for infected seafood may help prevent allergic reactions in humans. Despite an abundance of published literature which has identified anisakid larvae in an array of edible seafood as well as scattered reports of human allergic anisakiasis, the relationship between the two has not been fully explored. Therefore, a systematic spatio-temporal study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Anisakis spp. in fish from January 2000 to August 2020 firstly to explore the relationship between fish infection and cases of allergic anisakiasis and secondly to use fish infection data to map potential allergic anisakiasis ‘hot spots’. A systematic literature search for original English text articles was conducted through search engines, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Out of 3228 articles which describe anisakid infection in fish, 264 were used for data extraction. Of 904 articles describing allergic anisakiasis, 37 were used for data extraction. A qualitative summary of the extracted data was performed using equal interval method (ArcMap software) in order to compare the global distribution of Anisakis-infected fish. Of the 152-identified fish hosts, five families were most commonly infected with Anisakis spp. These included Lophiidae (86.9%), Trichiuridae (77.05%), Zeidae (70.9%), Merlucciidae (67.8%) and Gadidae (56.8%). The hot spot areas for allergic anisakiasis were North and northeast of Atlantic Ocean, southwest of USA, west of Mexico, south of Chile, east of Argentina, Norway, UK and west of Iceland (confidence 99%). The highest rate of allergic anisakiasis was in Portugal and Norway with the prevalence rate of 18.45–22.50%. Allergologists should consider allergic anisakiasis as a public health issue particularly in high-risk countries where high prevalences in fish have been demonstrated. Keywords Seafood safety . Allergy . Aquatic animal health . Diagnosis . Medical parasitology . Fish health Handling Editor: Una Ryan Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06892-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Elham Moghaddas [email protected] * Shokoofeh Shamsi [email protected] 1
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2
Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mash
