Raman and Photoluminescence Spectroscopic Study of 1-Undecene Functionalized Nanodiamonds
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Raman and Photoluminescence Spectroscopic Study of 1-Undecene Functionalized Nanodiamonds Y. Astuti1,2, N. R. J. Poolton3, L. Šiller1 1
School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK 2 Chemistry Department, Science and Mathematics Faculty, Diponegoro University, Central Java, 50275, Indonesia 3 Spectral Imaging Systems, 36 Waterside House, Denton Mill, Carlisle CA2 5HF, UK ABSTRACT
Nanodiamond holds great interest in a variety of optical applications, the properties being correlated with surface modification, and the presence of both impurities and defects (contained either on their surface or within the crystal structure). Undecyl-nanodiamond produced by attachment of 1-undecene onto the nanodiamond surface could be a good candidate as a luminescent marker in the future; therefore, understanding of its optical properties is essential. In this work, the optical properties of the acid-purified nanodiamond and undecyl-nanodiamond were characterised using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the characteristic diamond Raman signal at 1330 cm-1 was still observed after chemical surface modification, while the signal at ~1600 cm-1 (attributed to graphite bands) disappeared after the modification. Broad photoluminescence emission is detected in the range 1.5-2.5 eV (500-800 nm), as typically found for isolated nanodiamond; these emission bands became narrower with attachment of 1-undecene as compared to the sample without surface functionalisation. The observed emission could be related to structural disorder on the nanodiamond surface. The temperature dependence of the intensity, peak position and band widths of each sample has been characterised. INTRODUCTION Nanodiamond is of interest for use in a number of applications, such as, polishing, magnetoresistive sensors, bio-applications, photonic devices and optoelectronics. These interests arise because of its unique properties, namely: chemical inertness, high thermal conductivity, bio-compatibility, non photo-bleaching and non photo-blinking [1, 2]. For technical applications such as drug delivery, optical bio-imaging and photonic devices, its excellent luminescence characteristics are of particular interest, being stable and bright; this is true for diamond of different size, from 100 nm to sub-20 nm and even at the single isolated particle level [3]. It is the presence of defects and impurities located either on the surface or within the crystalline structure that are responsible for these luminescence emission properties. For instance, the presence of octadecylamine (ODA) onto nanodiamond surface resulted in bright blue fluorescence of its suspension and even its colloidal solution observed under UV light laser excitation. It suggests that this luminescence property occurred due to the interaction between nanodiamond and ODA. However, the fluorescence mechanism of nanodiamond-ODA has not
been established yet [4]. Moreover, the nano
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